BSC 1005 CH. 1-8

The presence of which suffix would indicate to you that a substance is a carbohydrate?

-ose

18. Which of the following is the best way to state the relationship between "data" and "results"? A) "Data" and "results" are two names for the same thing. B) "Data" are the facts you collect from your experiment, whereas "results" are your interpretation of what the data mean. C) Any two scientists examining the same "data" would draw the same "results." D) The "Data" section should always come before the "Results" section in a scientific paper. E) Results are collected from the experiment and then data analysis is done

B) "Data" are the facts you collect from your experiment, whereas "results" are your interpretation of what the data mean

8. Which statement describes an atom of oxygen? A) Most naturally occurring atoms of oxygen contain 9 neutrons. B) All atoms of oxygen include 8 protons. C) Nitrogen-15 is an isotope of oxygen. D) Its atomic weight is the same as its atomic mass. E) Its chemical symbol is Ox.

B) All atoms of oxygen include 8 protons.

23. Dr. Foster is studying the effectiveness of a new memory-boosting diet supplement. He posts an ad for subjects at two local colleges. He assigns 55 students from college A to the treatment group (daily doses of the diet supplement) and 60 students from college B (no supplement) to the control group. After 6 months of the study, Dr. Foster gives all of the students in each group a memory test. The treatment group scores an average of 20 points higher than the control group (a significant difference). Based on these findings, Dr. Foster declares that the memory-boosting supplement helps increase a person's memory. What would improve the design of the Dr. Foster's study? A) Make the number of students in both groups the same. B) Randomly assign students to one of the two conditions (treatment or control). C) Administer the supplement for a longer period of time. D) Give the control group half the daily dosage of the diet supplement that the treatment group receives. E) Deprive the control group of sleep to see if that also affects memory recall.

B) Randomly assign students to one of the two conditions (treatment or control)

Why are carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, so valuable as fuels?

A great deal of energy is stored in carbon-hydrogen bonds

26. When two hydrogen atoms share electrons, what is the result? A) A stable H2 molecule is formed. B) The nuclei repel each other and destabilize the molecule. C) An H2 molecule is formed, which is highly likely to bond with other atoms. D) One of the hydrogen atoms is stable, whereas the other remains unstable. E) A positively charged H2 molecule is formed.

A) A stable H2 molecule is formed.

20. Which of the following is the best description of a control group in an experiment? A) The control group and the test groups may have several differences between them. B) The control group is identical to each test group, except for one variable. C) There can be more than one difference between the control group and test groups but not several differences; otherwise, the experiment is invalid. D) There should be more than one control group in any experiment. E) The control group is a test group that is chosen at random

B) The control group is identical to each test group, except for one variable

15. Which statement is true about atoms that are more stable? A) They are more likely to interact with other atoms. B) They tend not to react or combine with other atoms. C) They tend to have several electron vacancies in their outermost shell. D) They have a small number of protons. E) They have fewer electrons than atoms that are less stable.

B) They tend not to react or combine with other atoms.

11. Scientific data: A) can be generalized to a much larger population. B) are used to support or refute a hypothesis. C) cannot be collected in a completely unbiased way. D) are always true. E) must be collected in laboratories.

B) are used to support or refute a hypothesis.

29. Identify the statement that correctly describes hydrogen bonds. A) any bond with a hydrogen B) attraction between a slightly positive atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule C) a bond between two hydrogen atoms to form H2 D) attractions between hydrogen and oxygen to form a water molecule E) attractions between oppositely charged ions

B) attraction between a slightly positive atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule

41. Certain molecules act like bank accounts for H+ ions because they can absorb excess H+ ions to keep a solution from becoming too acidic and release H+ ions to keep the solution from becoming too basic. Such molecules are called: A) enzymes. B) buffers. C) reducing agents. D) isotopes. E) oxidizing agents.

B) buffers

9. Carbon: A) has no vacancies in its outermost shell. B) can form up to 4 bonds with other atoms. C) can't form bonds with other atoms of carbon. D) can hold 4 electrons in its first electron shell. E) is the least reactive of all elements.

B) can form up to 4 bonds with other atoms.

35. Evaporation from the leaves of a tree will pull water up through the roots as an unbroken column throughout the entire height of the tree. This feat is possible because of which characteristic of water? A) surface tension B) cohesion C) absorption D) kinetic energy E) vaporization

B) cohesion

9. In your lab, you notice that pea plants that were given a mixture of water and fertilizer have grown nearly three times as tall as pea plants that were given water only. This step of the scientific method is called: A) stating a law. B) making an observation. C) drawing a conclusion. D) conducting a critical experiment. E) formulating a theory

B) making an observation

10. Which of these atoms is most likely to be involved in a chemical reaction? A) helium (atomic number 2) B) potassium (atomic number 19) C) neon (atomic number 10) D) argon (atomic number 18) E) xenon (atomic number 54)

B) potassium (atomic number 19)

15. When conducting a scientific experiment, a(n) _____________ is tested. A) theory B) prediction C) question D) answer E) null variable

B) prediction

34. Which term best describes the application of scientific knowledge to specific purposes? A) statistics B) technology C) pseudoscience D) biology E) experimentation

B) technology

10. "Engaging in aerobic activity three times each week will reduce cholesterol levels" is a: A) substantiated explanation. B) testable hypothesis. C) scientific control. D) critical experiment. E) null hypothesis.

B) testable hypothesis.

14. A useful scientific hypothesis is one that is: A) proven. B) testable. C) conclusive. D) accurate. E) abstract.

B) testable.

4. Of all the elements that occur on earth, how many are found in your body? A) 4 B) 10 C) 25 D) 90 E) 100

C) 25

46. Which of these is a correct statement about pH? A) The pH of a solution increases as its acidity increases. B) The pH of a basic or alkaline solution is less than that of an acidic solution. C) As the concentration of H+ increases in a solution, the pH decreases. D) A solution to which HCl has been added will have a greater pH than a solution to which NaOH has been added. E) Each number on the pH scale represents an increase of 108 .

C) As the concentration of H+ increases in a solution, the pH decreases

6. After one conducts a critical experiment, what is the next step in the scientific process? A) Make observations. B) Formulate a hypothesis. C) Draw conclusions, and make revisions. D) Devise a testable prediction. E) Formulate a null hypothesis.

C) Draw conclusions, and make revisions.

7. True or False: A piece of silver can be cut indefinitely into pieces and still retain all of the properties of silver. A) True. All particles, including subatomic particles that make up the element, possess the properties of the element. B) True. Atoms are the smallest units of matter, are indivisible, and possess the properties of their element. C) False. Once the pieces are smaller than an atom of silver, the pieces no longer retain the properties of silver. D) False. Silver atoms are too small to possess the properties of silver. E) False. As a piece of silver is cut into smaller pieces, the atoms begin to take on the properties of smaller elements

C) False. Once the pieces are smaller than an atom of silver, the pieces no longer retain the properties of silver.

17. A lithium atom contains 3 electrons, whereas a fluorine atom contains 9 electrons. Which correctly describes the formation of a bond between lithium and fluorine atoms? A) Lithium and fluorine will share one pair of electrons. B) A hydrogen bond will form between the partially positive lithium and the partially negative fluorine. C) Lithium will donate an electron to fluorine, making a positive lithium ion and a negative fluoride ion that are attracted to each other. D) Lithium will take an electron from fluorine, making a negative lithium ion and a positive fluoride ion that are attracted to each other. E) Lithium and fluorine share two pairs of electrons.

C) Lithium will donate an electron to fluorine, making a positive lithium ion and a negative fluoride ion that are attracted to each other.

38. A substance similar to table salt, called magnesium chloride, separates into positively charged magnesium ions and negatively charged chloride ions when placed in water. If you were to look at the magnesium ions dissolved in the water, what would you see? A) The magnesium ions would be surrounded by chloride ions. B) The magnesium ions would be surrounded by water molecules with their hydrogen atoms facing the magnesium ions. C) The magnesium ions would be surrounded by water molecules with their oxygen atoms facing the magnesium ions. D) The magnesium ions would be drifting by themselves, without any water molecules nearby. E) The magnesium ions would be covalently bonded to water molecules.

C) The magnesium ions would be surrounded by water molecules with their oxygen atoms facing the magnesium ions

44. What would you expect to happen to the pH of an unbuffered solution if a few drops of acid were added? A) The pH would increase. B) The pH would remain the same. C) The pH would decrease. D) The pH would become neutral. E) The pH would increase and then rapidly decrease

C) The pH would decrease

6. What would happen if you subdivided an atom of sodium? A) You would form salt. B) The pieces would come together in a uniform, crystal structure. C) The particle of matter would lose its essential properties. D) You would have two atoms of sodium. E) You would create an additional electron shell.

C) The particle of matter would lose its essential properties.

21. How is the reaction 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O described in words? A) Two molecules of hydrogen combine with two atoms of oxygen to form two molecules of water. B) Two molecules of hydrogen combine with two molecules of oxygen to form two molecules of water. C) Two molecules of hydrogen combine with one molecule of oxygen to form two molecules of water. D) Two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form two atoms of water. E) Two atoms of hydrogen combine with two atoms of oxygen to form two molecules of water.

C) Two molecules of hydrogen combine with one molecule of oxygen to form two molecules of water.

18. Multiple atoms linked together are called a(n): A) reactant. B) isotope. C) molecule. D) substrate. E) element

C) molecule.

33. Inclusion of misleading claims or "scientific-sounding" language to try and manipulate consumers is an example of: A) anecdotal observations. B) positive correlation. C) pseudoscience. D) experimenter bias. E) the placebo effect

C) pseudoscience.

2. A general fact-based understanding of the fundamentals of biology and other sciences is referred to as: A) statistical science. B) superstition. C) scientific literacy. D) pseudoscience. E) true science.

C) scientific literacy

13. In a well-designed experiment: A) the prediction will most likely be true. B) you can prove your hypothesis to be true. C) the prediction will be highly probable if the explanation is correct. D) the null hypothesis will not be tested. E) only the researchers will know who is receiving a placebo.

C) the prediction will be highly probable if the explanation is correct.

All macromolecules that are important in living systems contain

Carbon

43. Which statement is true about acids and bases? A) Acids and bases do not react with each other. B) Acids mixed with bases neutralize each other. C) Acids mixed with bases make stronger acids. D) Acids mixed with bases make stronger bases. E) Acids are stronger than bases.

E) Acids are stronger than bases.

25. Which technique is used to help reduce experimenter bias? A) Create experiments that are reproducible and repeatable. B) Control extraneous variables as much as possible. C) Include a control group in your experiment. D) Be aware of potential placebo effects. E) Keep the experimenter blind to the conditions in an experiment or its purpose.

E) Keep the experimenter blind to the conditions in an experiment or its purpose.

3. All matter on earth, both living and non-living, is made up of: A) cells. B) DNA. C) carbohydrates. D) phospholipids. E) atoms

E) atoms

29. If you toss a coin and it comes up heads 73 consecutive times, what is the probability that it will come up heads on the 74th toss? A) 1 B) 1/2 C) 0 D) 73/74 E) 1/74

B) 1/2

11. Which statement describes how the electron shells of sodium (Na) -11 electrons- are filled? A) 2 electrons in the first shell and 9 electrons in the second shell B) 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell, and 1 electron in the third shell C) 4 electrons in the first shell, 4 electrons in the second shell, and 3 electrons in the third shell D) 11 electrons in the first shell E) 8 electrons in the first shell and 3 electrons in the second shell

B) 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell, and 1 electron in the third shell

12. An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing: A) a neutron. B) a proton. C) an electron. D) either a neutron or a proton. E) either a proton or an electron

C) an electron.

7. What should you do when something you believe turns out to be wrong? A) feel ashamed B) blame the government C) change your mind D) doubt your ability to properly perceive the sensory stimuli of the world E) regroup and keep testing your hypothesis until you prove yourself right

C) change your mind

27. A powerful way to demonstrate that observed differences between a treatment group and a control group truly reflects the effect of the treatment is for researchers to: A) get their study published in a scientific journal. B) use a variety of statistical tests until they find one that shows statistical significance. C) conduct the experiment over and over again. D) make more observations. E) formulate as many hypotheses as possible

C) conduct the experiment over and over again.

23. Three principal types of bonds hold multiple atoms together. These are: A) phosphate bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrogen bonds. B) hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and glycosidic linkages. C) covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds. D) covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds. E) ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ester bonds.

C) covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds.

33. The fact that water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid explains why: A) water is such a good solvent. B) water can resist temperature changes. C) ice floats on top of liquid water. D) ice cubes sink when placed in a glass of water. E) oil never dissolves in water.

C) ice floats on top of liquid water.

25. One important difference between covalent and ionic bonds is that: A) ionic bonds are much stronger than covalent bonds. B) in ionic bonds, two atoms share electrons, whereas in covalent bonds, one atom gives one or more electrons to the other atom. C) in covalent bonds, two atoms share electrons, whereas in ionic bonds, one atom gives one or more electrons to the other atom. D) in ionic bonds, both protons and electrons can be shared, whereas in covalent bonds, only electrons can be shared. E) ionic bonds only occur among water-soluble elements.

C) in covalent bonds, two atoms share electrons, whereas in ionic bonds, one atom gives one or more electrons

20. Hydrogen bonds are: A) the sharing of electrons between a hydrogen atom and another atom. B) the electrostatic interaction between an atom that has lost an electron and an atom that has gained an electron. C) the interaction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom. D) the strongest kind of bonds. E) only found in water

C) the interaction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

22. How many total electrons are involved in a double bond, such as that found in a molecule of oxygen (O2)? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6

D) 4

45. Bleach has an approximate pH of 13, and pure water has a pH of 7. How much more basic is bleach than pure water? A) 100× B) 1,000× C) 10,000× D) 100,000× E) 1,000,000×

E) 1,000,000×

Glucose ingested in your diet enters the bloodstream at a concentration of about 0.1%. If there is more glucose circulating in your blood than is necessary to meet your current energy needs, which of these serves as easily accessible, temporary energy storage?

Glycogen stored in the liver and muscles

Long chain carbohydrates such as glycogen are composed of many single units of:

Monosschsarides

Why might we refer to a complex carbohydrate as a "time release" pellet of energy?

Simple sugars become available gradually as the complex carbohydrates are broken down into their simple sugar components.

Which of the following statements is true about starch?

Starch is a polysaccharide.

In a healthy individual, glucose that isn't used immediately can be:

Stored in the short term as glycogen

On food packages, "insoluble fiber" refers to plant material that we cannot fully digest,but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n):

carbohydrate.

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

cellulose, the primary component of plant cell walls

All lipids are

not soluble in water

Glycogen belongs in the class of molecules known as:

polysaccharides.

Carbohydrates are classified into several categories, based on their size and their composition. Which of these is the simplest type of carbohydrate?

Monosaccharide

A key difference between simple sugars and more complex sugars (disaccharides and polysaccharides) is that simple sugars:

are made up of one sugar unit or building block.

24. Which molecule is not formed by covalent bonding? A) H2O B) CH4 C) O2 D) NaCl E) H2

D) NaCl

34. Most substances become denser when frozen, but water becomes less dense. As a consequence, ice floats. What is responsible for this unusual property? A) As the temperature drops and water molecules slow down, there is increasing opportunity for the hydrogen bonds to form. These bonds hold the numerous V-shaped molecules slightly farther apart than when no hydrogen bonds exist, causing the water to be less dense. B) Oxygen is able to covalently bond with additional hydrogen molecules when the temperature drops and molecular motion slows down. Because hydrogen floats, the greater the number of hydrogen atoms bound to an oxygen molecule, the more buoyant it becomes. C) Because covalent bonds are broken by the process of freezing, ice molecules have fewer electrons than water, and so they are less dense and float. D) Most water molecules have some sodium and chloride ions bound to them. Upon freezing, the sodium and chloride ions are lost, making the ice less dense. E) Molecular motion is slower in solid substances than liquids; therefore, more of the molecules can evaporate. As a consequence, when water freezes, it stays in close contact with air.

A) As the temperature drops and water molecules slow down, there is increasing opportunity for the hydrogen bonds to form. These bonds hold the numerous V-shaped molecules slightly farther apart than when no hydrogen bonds exist, causing the water to be less dense.

12. If your hypothesis is "Estrogens in sewage runoff turn fish into hermaphrodites," what is your null hypothesis? A) Estrogens in sewage runoff have no effect in turning fish into hermaphrodites. B) Estrogens in sewage runoff turn turtles into hermaphrodites. C) Estrogens in sewage runoff turn hermaphroditic fish into unisexual fish. D) Testosterones in sewage runoff turn fish into hermaphrodites. E) Testosterones in sewage runoff have no effect in turning fish into hermaphrodites.

A) Estrogens in sewage runoff have no effect in turning fish into hermaphrodites

39. A balance between which two ions in aqueous solutions within organisms is critical for the proper functioning of the chemical processes of life? A) H+ and OH− B) Na+ and Cl− C) Na+ and OH− D) H+ and Cl− E) H+ and H−

A) H+ and OH−

27. Why is a molecule of H2 more stable than an atom of hydrogen? A) The H2 molecule shares the 2 electrons in the outermost shell. B) The H2 molecule has 4 electrons instead of 2. C) The H2 molecule has a vacancy in the outermost electron shell. D) Two pairs of electrons are shared in a strong double bond. E) The innermost shell is more stable when it has 1 electron in it.

A) The H2 molecule shares the 2 electrons in the outermost shell.

13. In an uncharged atom, the number of protons and ___________ must be equal. A) electrons B) neutrons C) neurons D) ions E) particles

A) electrons

26. In a drug trial investigating the effects of a new drug, neither the research scientists nor the participants know if they are in the treatment or the control group. What does this type of study design control for? A) experimenter bias B) extraneous variables C) placebo effect D) spurious correlations E) non-random assignment

A) experimenter bias

40. The pH scale is a direct measure of the concentration of: A) hydrogen ions in a solution. B) hydroxide ions in a solution. C) hydrogen atoms in a solution. D) salt in a solution. E) buffers in a solution

A) hydrogen ions in a solution.

42. A chemical compound that releases OH− into a solution is called a(n): A) hydroxide ion. B) solvent. C) acid. D) salt. E) base

A) hydroxide ion

21. In a randomized, controlled, double-blind study: A) neither the experimenter nor the subject know whether the subject is in a control group or an experimental group. B) individuals will be assigned to an experimental or control group depending on whether or not they took part in a pilot study. C) experimental subjects are blindfolded when given the experimental treatment. D) all experimental groups are filled randomly using no particular criteria. E) the experimenter knows which subjects are in the experimental group but not the control group

A) neither the experimenter nor the subject know whether the subject is in a control group or an experimental group

2. Carbon-14 has the same: A) number of protons but more neutrons than carbon-12. B) atomic number and atomic mass as carbon-12. C) atomic number and, therefore, the same number of neutrons as carbon-13. D) atomic mass as both carbon-12 and carbon-13. E) atomic mass and, therefore, the same number of neutrons as carbon-12.

A) number of protons but more neutrons than carbon-12.

5. The thing that distinguishes one element, such as chlorine, from another, such as neon, is the number of: A) protons in the nucleus. B) protons and neutrons in the nucleus. C) electrons. D) protons, neutrons, and electrons. E) neutrons in the nucleus

A) protons in the nucleus.

35. Science as a way of seeking principles of order differs from art, religion, and philosophy in that: A) science limits its search to the natural world of the physical universe. B) science deals exclusively with known facts. C) all scientific knowledge is gained by experimentation. D) all scientists wear white lab coats. E) there is no room for intuition or guessing

A) science limits its search to the natural world of the physical universe.

1. Biology is: A) the study of living things. B) always used responsibly in advertising claims. C) a separate branch of science that studies how organisms interact with each other and with their environment. D) mostly a collection of facts that can be ordered and memorized. E) the means by which we can answer questions such as "Does God exist?"

A) the study of living things.

19. A covalent bond is formed when: A) two atoms share electrons. B) one atom gives up electrons to another atom. C) two nonpolar molecules associate with each other in a polar environment. D) two polar molecules associate with each other in a nonpolar environment. E) a positively charged particle is attracted to a negatively charged particle.

A) two atoms share electrons.

14. Under which condition are atoms most stable and least likely to bond with other atoms? A) when their outermost electron shell is filled to capacity B) when their outermost electron shell has four or more vacancies C) when they have the same number of protons as electrons D) when they have a positive charge E) when they have a negative charge

A) when their outermost electron shell is filled to capacity

30. Which of the following is a good example of two phenomena that are correlated but show no causal relationship? A) Whenever the price of oil goes up, the price of airplane tickets goes up. B) Whenever I do poorly on a biology exam, I eat a quart of ice cream. C) I did poorly on my last biology exam, so I ate a quart of ice cream. D) Between 1937 and 1979, every year that a Democrat was elected President of the USA, a National League team won the World Series, whereas every year a Republican was elected President of the USA, an American League team won the World Series. E) When I walk to the bus, the trees I pass are a maple, an oak, an elm, a hickory, and another maple, in that order

D) Between 1937 and 1979, every year that a Democrat was elected President of the USA, a National League team won the World Series, whereas every year a Republican was elected President of the USA, an American League team won the World Series

36. Why do coastal areas have milder, less variable climates than inland areas? A) Large bodies of water have high salt concentrations, and salt absorbs a large proportion of the light energy that would have warmed the land. B) Coastal areas are concentrated near the equator, which varies less than other parts of the globe in the angle at which the sun's light hits it. C) Because water is a good solvent, it is able to dissolve the photons in light, reducing their ability to heat or cool the land. D) Large bodies of water, especially oceans, can absorb huge amounts of heat from the sun during warm times of the year, reducing temperature increases on the land. Similarly, during cold times of year the ocean slowly cools, giving off heat that reduces the temperature drop on shore. E) There is no known reason why coastal areas have milder, less variable climates than inland areas.

D) Large bodies of water, especially oceans, can absorb huge amounts of heat from the sun during warm times of the year, reducing temperature increases on the land. Similarly, during cold times of year the ocean slowly cools, giving off heat that reduces the temperature drop on shore

28. You conduct a study to determine how the amount of time spent studying affects students' performance on exams, and you want display the data you have collected using a line graph. What is the dependent variable, and on which axis should it be represented in your graph? A) The dependent variable is "time spent studying," and it should be represented on the x-axis. B) The dependent variable is "time spent studying," and it should be represented on the y-axis. C) The dependent variable is "performance on exams," and it should be represented on the x-axis. D) The dependent variable is "performance on exams," and it should be represented on the y-axis. E) The dependent variable is "time spent studying," and it can be represented on either the x- or y-axis

D) The dependent variable is "performance on exams," and it should be represented on the y-axis.

19. In science, theories tend to be ___________ than hypotheses. A) more speculative B) less scientific C) more experimental D) broader in scope E) less reliable

D) broader in scope

30. When transporting water up to the top of giant trees, which feature allows water molecules to pull up adjacent water molecules to which they have bonded? A) low density as a solid B) adhesion C) ionic bonding D) cohesion E) high specific heat

D) cohesion

32. When comparing two groups, the ______________, the more confident we are of the conclusion that a significant difference exists in the groups. A) larger the variation in each group B) smaller the variation in each group C) smaller the difference between the two groups D) fewer the number of individuals in each group E) more variables we measure

D) fewer the number of individuals in each group

28. Water molecules form which type of bond with other water molecules? A) covalent bonds B) water bonds C) oxygen bonds D) hydrogen bonds E) ionic bonds

D) hydrogen bonds

1. The four most abundant elements in living organisms are: A) carbon, hydrogen, potassium, and oxygen. B) hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and silicon. C) carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and calcium. D) hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. E) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

D) hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon

8. The raw materials of science are: A) hunches. B) theories. C) predictions. D) observations. E) hypotheses.

D) observations.

5. "Science is self-correcting." This means: A) science is incapable of producing mistaken beliefs if its studies are carefully done. B) science only accepts what is true. C) scientists correct their personal biases before engaging in scientific study. D) science actively seeks to disprove its own theories and hypotheses. E) scientists always proofread each other's work.

D) science actively seeks to disprove its own theories and hypotheses.

4. Scientific thinking relies on which of the following? A) accepting the statements of others as true B) intuition C) memorizing facts D) skepticism E) applying your preconceptions

D) skepticism

31. The philosophy of Intelligent Design holds that strong evidence exists for creation by a divine being because some living things have parts that are so complex and complicated that they simply couldn't have developed through evolutionary processes; they had to have been created. Intelligent Design is not a science because: A) no complex or complicated structures exist in nature. B) most scientists don't believe in it. C) several scientists do believe in creation science. D) the idea that a deity created complex biological structures is not testable or measurable. E) scientists already know how all complex structures came to be through evolution.

D) the idea that a deity created complex biological structures is not testable or measurable

24. In an experiment testing the efficacy of cough syrup Brand X, researchers selected 500 participants for the study, and created a control and a placebo group. For this experiment to be considered controlled, a criterion is that: A) the groups must contain a large number of participants to ensure statistical significance. B) no variation exists among the control group. C) no variation exists among the 500 participants. D) the variation between the participants is randomly divided into the two groups. E) the researchers must never know the group in which the participants are included.

D) the variation between the participants is randomly divided into the two groups

32. The most abundant molecule in the cell is: A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) nucleic acid. D) water. E) protein.

D) water.

31. The tendency of molecules to stick together, called cohesion, is stronger in water than other liquids because the polarity of water allows a(n): A) hydrogen atom from one water molecule to form an ionic bond with the oxygen atom of another water molecule. B) hydrogen atom from one water molecule to form a hydrogen bond with the hydrogen atom of another water molecule. C) hydrogen atom from one water molecule to form a covalent bond with the oxygen atom of another water molecule. D) oxygen atom from one water molecule to form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of another water molecule. E) hydrogen atom from one water molecule to form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of another water molecule.

E) hydrogen atom from one water molecule to form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of another water molecule.

37. Which of these is not the result of hydrogen bonding between water molecules? A) high surface tension B) ability to dissolve polar substances C) high specific heat D) low density when frozen E) lack of color, odor, or flavor

E) lack of color, odor, or flavor

16. You are given a pill in a scientific trial that looks identical to a pill containing an active ingredient, but your pill does not contain an active ingredient. The pill you were given is called a(n): A) treatment. B) aspirin. C) tablet. D) narcotic. E) placebo.

E) placebo.

22. The set of analytical and mathematical tools designed to help researchers gain understanding from the data they gather is called: A) geometry. B) biology. C) genetics. D) science. E) statistics

E) statistics.

3. Biological literacy is the ability to: A) use scientific-sounding language to promote consumer products. B) make assumptions about the world, based on the opinions of others. C) determine if one phenomenon caused another, just by making one or a few observations. D) apply the scientific method to evaluate non-quantifiable, subjective information. E) use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that have a biological component

E) use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that have a biological component.

17. If your hypothesis is rejected, then: A) your experiment was a success. B) your experiment was poorly designed. C) your data is only half as reliable. D) you should change the level of statistical significance until your hypothesis is accepted. E) you may still have learned something important about the system you were testing.

E) you may still have learned something important about the system you were testing.

16. Choose the best description of a covalent bond from the choices below. A. Two water molecules interact due to partial charges on the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. B. A magnesium donates electrons and forms bonds with two chloride ions. C. A bond forms between a hydrogen from one molecule and a nitrogen from another molecule. D. A positive potassium ion forms a bond with a negative chloride ion. E. A nitrogen atom shares electrons with three hydrogen atoms

E. A nitrogen atom shares electrons with three hydrogen atoms

Which statement about fiber is false?

Fiber in the diet slows the passage of food through the intestines.

Which of the following is a simple sugar?

Fructose

Which carbohydrate is of most importance to living organisms?

Glucose

Which of the following are monosaccharides?

Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose

When trying to lose weight by reducing your caloric intake, why is glycogen the first stored energy used up by the body?

Glycogen is more easily broken down when energy is needed