BSC 109 Ch 9 Homework
An inherited disorder characterized by insufficient numbers of lymphocytes to fight an infection
severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
An inappropriate response to a non-pathogenic substance
allergy
Microorganisms that cause death and disease are called ______
pathogens
Removes microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood
spleen
Which one of the following best explains why people get so many colds in their lifetime?
the viruses that cause colds evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure
What is the role of mast cells in the inflammatory response?
They release chemical that dilate blood vessels at the wound site
Which one of the following statements about viruses is true?
Viruses require a host cell in which to reproduce
A disease caused by HIV infection; results in irreplaceable damage to the immune system
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as a(n)
allergen
A life-threatening allergic reaction (difficult in breathing, fall in blood pressure, severe stomach cramps) is known as _____
anaphylactic shock
All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens except which one?
antibodies
Vaccines contain
antigens of the pathogen
Each of the following processes helps combat infection, except ______
autoimmunity
The direct cause of the heat generated by a wound or local infection is ________
histamine, which causes the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles to relax; this leads to a cascade of events causing the tissue to become hot
Cytotoxic T cells
specific defense mechanism
Inflamed tissue turns red because ___________
there is an increased blood flow to the injured tissues due to dilation of arterioles in the injured area
Secretes hormones important in the maturation of T cells
thymus
Filters out microorganisms that enter the throat by food or air
tonsil
True or false. The best way to defend the body from a viral infection is to prevent the infection by using a vaccine
true
The following are steps in phagocytosis: (1) Bacterium is digested by lysosomal enzymes (2) phagocyte approaches bacterium (3) phagocytic vesicle fuses with lysosome (4) phagocyte engulfs bacterium, forming a phagocytic vesicle. In which order do these steps occur?
2-4-3-1
A specific antibody will bind to _______
a specific antigen
Antibiotics are most likely to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by
bacteria
Antibiotics kill bacterial cells but do not (usually) damage human cells by taking advantage of the difference between human and bacterial cells. These differences include
bacterial cells have cell walls, human cells do not
True or false. When you suffer and injury, white blood cells near the injury site initiate the inflammatory response
false
Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by
having keratin in the uppermost layer
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins _____
identify a body cell as "self"
The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that
if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells
The primary immune response is _______
less effective than the secondary immune response
An autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue
lupus erythematosus
Filters microorganisms and cellular debris from lymph
lymph node
Transports lymph in the body
lymphatic vessel
Inflammation
nonspecific defense mechanism
Natural killer cells
nonspecific defense mechanism
Release of interferons
nonspecific defense mechanism
Acidic pH of skin
physical or chemical barrier
Earwax
physical or chemical barrier
An autoimmune disorder affecting the synovial membrane of the joints
rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following body fluids does not transmit HIV from human to human?
saliva
Production of antibodies by plasma cells
specific defense mechanism
Release of perforin and granzyme by cytotoxic cells
specific defense mechanism
Autoimmune disorders occur when ________
the immune system fails to recognize "self" cells
The pain associated with the inflammatory response is the direct result of ________
the swelling of the tissue and the chemicals released from certain cells
