BSC 109 Ch 9 Homework

An inherited disorder characterized by insufficient numbers of lymphocytes to fight an infection

severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

An inappropriate response to a non-pathogenic substance

allergy

Microorganisms that cause death and disease are called ______

pathogens

Removes microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood

spleen

Which one of the following best explains why people get so many colds in their lifetime?

the viruses that cause colds evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure

What is the role of mast cells in the inflammatory response?

They release chemical that dilate blood vessels at the wound site

Which one of the following statements about viruses is true?

Viruses require a host cell in which to reproduce

A disease caused by HIV infection; results in irreplaceable damage to the immune system

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as a(n)

allergen

A life-threatening allergic reaction (difficult in breathing, fall in blood pressure, severe stomach cramps) is known as _____

anaphylactic shock

All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens except which one?

antibodies

Vaccines contain

antigens of the pathogen

Each of the following processes helps combat infection, except ______

autoimmunity

The direct cause of the heat generated by a wound or local infection is ________

histamine, which causes the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles to relax; this leads to a cascade of events causing the tissue to become hot

Cytotoxic T cells

specific defense mechanism

Inflamed tissue turns red because ___________

there is an increased blood flow to the injured tissues due to dilation of arterioles in the injured area

Secretes hormones important in the maturation of T cells

thymus

Filters out microorganisms that enter the throat by food or air

tonsil

True or false. The best way to defend the body from a viral infection is to prevent the infection by using a vaccine

true

The following are steps in phagocytosis: (1) Bacterium is digested by lysosomal enzymes (2) phagocyte approaches bacterium (3) phagocytic vesicle fuses with lysosome (4) phagocyte engulfs bacterium, forming a phagocytic vesicle. In which order do these steps occur?

2-4-3-1

A specific antibody will bind to _______

a specific antigen

Antibiotics are most likely to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by

bacteria

Antibiotics kill bacterial cells but do not (usually) damage human cells by taking advantage of the difference between human and bacterial cells. These differences include

bacterial cells have cell walls, human cells do not

True or false. When you suffer and injury, white blood cells near the injury site initiate the inflammatory response

false

Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by

having keratin in the uppermost layer

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins _____

identify a body cell as "self"

The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that

if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells

The primary immune response is _______

less effective than the secondary immune response

An autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue

lupus erythematosus

Filters microorganisms and cellular debris from lymph

lymph node

Transports lymph in the body

lymphatic vessel

Inflammation

nonspecific defense mechanism

Natural killer cells

nonspecific defense mechanism

Release of interferons

nonspecific defense mechanism

Acidic pH of skin

physical or chemical barrier

Earwax

physical or chemical barrier

An autoimmune disorder affecting the synovial membrane of the joints

rheumatoid arthritis

Which of the following body fluids does not transmit HIV from human to human?

saliva

Production of antibodies by plasma cells

specific defense mechanism

Release of perforin and granzyme by cytotoxic cells

specific defense mechanism

Autoimmune disorders occur when ________

the immune system fails to recognize "self" cells

The pain associated with the inflammatory response is the direct result of ________

the swelling of the tissue and the chemicals released from certain cells