BSC 215 Lab Exam 1
Haploid
(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
Diploid
2 sets of chromosomes
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
3 types of epithelial cells
What is the normal pH of human blood?
7.35-7.45
solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
base
A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
deep/internal
Away from the body surface; more internal
Dendrites
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
G1, S, G2, M
Cell cycle stages in order
prophase
Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms
metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
Abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs
Pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
S phase
DNA replication
Proximal nail fold
Edge that covers the nail root
B
Epigastric region
heterochromatin
Highly compacted chromatin that is not accessible for transcription
46
How many chromosomes do humans have?
H
Hypogastric region
Dermis
Inner layer of skin
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
Layers of the skin (top to bottom)
C
Left hypochondriac region
I
Left iliac region
F
Left lumbar region
4 types of connective tissue proper
Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Reticular tissue Adipose tissue
Epidermis
Outer layer of skin
Anaphase
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
axial
Relating to head, neck, and trunk, the axis of the body
appendicular
Relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis
D
Right lumbar region
Proper Anatomical Position
Standing erect, palms forward, feet forward
Lateral nail fold
The fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail
Euchromatin
The less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription.
G2 phase
The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
False
True or False: the anatomical direction of an organism is from your point of view
False-inferior
True or False: the diaphragm is superior to the sternum
True
True or false: Connective tissues have a high concentration of cells and low concentration of non-living material between cells.
True
True or false: the stomach is inferior to the liver
E
Umbilical region
hydrophobic
Water fearing
C, H, N, O
What are the four major elements found in the body?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What are the three layers of integument?
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
What are the three types of cartilage?
Cranial and spinal
What are the two body cavities that comprise the dorsal body cavities?
papillary and reticular
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Abdominopelvic and thoracic
What are the two major body cavities of the ventral body cavities?
thin (hairy), thick (hairless)
What are the two types of skin?
Sebum
What does your sebaceous gland secrete?
Mitosis
What is another name for M phase?
Eccrine-straight to skin surface Apocrine- sweat through a hair follicle
What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine glands?
Proteins
What makes up 50% of our DNA?
cardiac muscle
What muscle tissue is branched?
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What tissue is this?
keritanized stratified squamous
What tissue is this?
simple columnar epithelium
What tissue is this?
simple cuboidal epithelium
What tissue is this?
simple squamous epithelium
What tissue is this?
statified squamous epithelium
What tissue is this?
stratified cuboidal epithelium
What tissue is this?
transitional epithelium (acts as an osmotic barrier)
What tissue is this?
Connective Blood Tissue
What type of tissue is this?
Fibrocartilage (vertebrae)
What type of tissue is this?
Reticular connective tissue
What type of tissue is this?
adipose connective tissue
What type of tissue is this?
bone tissue
What type of tissue is this?
cardiac muscle tissue
What type of tissue is this?
dense irregular connective tissue
What type of tissue is this?
dense regular connective tissue
What type of tissue is this?
elastic cartilage (nose/ear)
What type of tissue is this?
hyaline cartilage (joints)
What type of tissue is this?
loose connective tissue
What type of tissue is this?
nervous tissue
What type of tissue is this?
skeletal muscle tissue
What type of tissue is this?
smooth muscle tissue
What type of tissue is this?
Stratum lucidum
Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin?
stratum basale
Which layer is responsible for epidermal ridges?
Cardiac and skeletal
Which muscle tissues are striated?
Smooth and skeletal
Which muscle tissues are voluntary?
G1, S, and G2
Which phases takes place during interphase?
Parietal
Which side of the serous membrane faces the body?
visceral
Which side of the serous membrane faces the organ?
abdonimal
abdomen
Tarsal
ankle
acid
any compound that forms H+ ions in solution
Axiallry
armpit
Lateral
away from the midline (appendicular)
Dorsal
back
Dorsum
back
posterior/dorsal
back of body
Olrcranal
back of elbow
Popliteal
back of knee
Occipital
base of skull
Ventral
belly side
Sacral
between hips
Hallax
big toe
functions of connective tissues
binding of organs, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, transport
Sphenoidal sinuses
bony cavities that lie behind the nasal cavity
Plantar
bottom of foot
Sternal
breastbone
Gluteal
buttock
Sural
calf
3 types of specialized connective tissue
cartilage, bone, blood
Buccal
cheek
Mental
chin
Middle ear cavity
containing the middle ear bones
Thoracic cavity
contains heart and lungs
Cranial cavity
contains the brain
Pericardial cavity
contains the heart
Pleural cavity
contains the lungs
Spinal cavity
contains the spinal cord
lanula
crescent shaped area of nail body near cuticle
Eponychium
cuticle
What is the pH scale used for?
describe whether a solution is acidic or basic
sagittal plane
divides body into left and right
midsagittal plane
divides the body into equal right and left sides
transverse (horizontal) plane
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
otic
ear
nail root of the nail plate
extends proximally under overlying skin
Ocular
eye
Orbital cavity
eyes
Distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Digitals
fingers, toes
Antebrachial
forearm
Frontal
forehead
nervous, muscular, connective, epithelial
four major tissue types
Antecubital
front of elbow
anterior/ventral
front of the body
Pubic
genital
Inguinal
groin
Coxal
hip
Patellar
kneecap
Frontal sinuses
located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows
Lumbar
lower back
Osteocytes
mature bone cells
Three main types of fibers
microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
mediastinium
middle of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located
Oral
mouth
Oral cavity
mouth
stratified tissue
multiple layers
Cervical
neck
Nasal
nose
Nasal cavity
nose
parasagittal plane
offset from the midline or midsagittal plane
Metacarpal
palm
Pelvic
pelvis
Abdominopelvic
pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis
Thoracic
pertaining to the chest
Cephalic
pertaining to the head
Perinal
region between the anus and external genitalia
A
right hypochondriac region
G
right iliac region
Crural
shin
Acromial
shoulder
simple tissue
single layer of cells
nail bed
skin underlying the nail plate
Lacunae
small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
Vertebral
spinal column
G1 phase
stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions
chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
structural organization of an organism
Cytology
study of cells
Histology
study of tissues
Three key properties of water
surface tension, cohesion, adhesion
telophase
the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
axon
the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Nail matrix
the part of the nail beneath the body and root from which the nail is produced
Free edge of nail
the portion of the nail that grows out away from the body
Femoral
thigh
Femoral
thigh (femur)
serous membrane
thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa
cardiac, smooth, skeletal
three types of muscle tissue
pollex
thumb
Metatarsal
top of foot
Superficial/external
toward or at the body surface
Medial
toward the midline (axial)
Brachial
upper arm
frontal (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
Nail body of the nail plate
visible part of the nail
hydrophilic
water loving
Carpal
wrist