BSC 215 Lab Exam 1

Haploid

(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes

Diploid

2 sets of chromosomes

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

3 types of epithelial cells

What is the normal pH of human blood?

7.35-7.45

solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

base

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

deep/internal

Away from the body surface; more internal

Dendrites

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

G1, S, G2, M

Cell cycle stages in order

prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Abdominal cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

Pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

S phase

DNA replication

Proximal nail fold

Edge that covers the nail root

B

Epigastric region

heterochromatin

Highly compacted chromatin that is not accessible for transcription

46

How many chromosomes do humans have?

H

Hypogastric region

Dermis

Inner layer of skin

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Layers of the skin (top to bottom)

C

Left hypochondriac region

I

Left iliac region

F

Left lumbar region

4 types of connective tissue proper

Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Reticular tissue Adipose tissue

Epidermis

Outer layer of skin

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

axial

Relating to head, neck, and trunk, the axis of the body

appendicular

Relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis

D

Right lumbar region

Proper Anatomical Position

Standing erect, palms forward, feet forward

Lateral nail fold

The fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail

Euchromatin

The less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription.

G2 phase

The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.

False

True or False: the anatomical direction of an organism is from your point of view

False-inferior

True or False: the diaphragm is superior to the sternum

True

True or false: Connective tissues have a high concentration of cells and low concentration of non-living material between cells.

True

True or false: the stomach is inferior to the liver

E

Umbilical region

hydrophobic

Water fearing

C, H, N, O

What are the four major elements found in the body?

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

What are the three layers of integument?

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

What are the three types of cartilage?

Cranial and spinal

What are the two body cavities that comprise the dorsal body cavities?

papillary and reticular

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Abdominopelvic and thoracic

What are the two major body cavities of the ventral body cavities?

thin (hairy), thick (hairless)

What are the two types of skin?

Sebum

What does your sebaceous gland secrete?

Mitosis

What is another name for M phase?

Eccrine-straight to skin surface Apocrine- sweat through a hair follicle

What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine glands?

Proteins

What makes up 50% of our DNA?

cardiac muscle

What muscle tissue is branched?

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

What tissue is this?

keritanized stratified squamous

What tissue is this?

simple columnar epithelium

What tissue is this?

simple cuboidal epithelium

What tissue is this?

simple squamous epithelium

What tissue is this?

statified squamous epithelium

What tissue is this?

stratified cuboidal epithelium

What tissue is this?

transitional epithelium (acts as an osmotic barrier)

What tissue is this?

Connective Blood Tissue

What type of tissue is this?

Fibrocartilage (vertebrae)

What type of tissue is this?

Reticular connective tissue

What type of tissue is this?

adipose connective tissue

What type of tissue is this?

bone tissue

What type of tissue is this?

cardiac muscle tissue

What type of tissue is this?

dense irregular connective tissue

What type of tissue is this?

dense regular connective tissue

What type of tissue is this?

elastic cartilage (nose/ear)

What type of tissue is this?

hyaline cartilage (joints)

What type of tissue is this?

loose connective tissue

What type of tissue is this?

nervous tissue

What type of tissue is this?

skeletal muscle tissue

What type of tissue is this?

smooth muscle tissue

What type of tissue is this?

Stratum lucidum

Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin?

stratum basale

Which layer is responsible for epidermal ridges?

Cardiac and skeletal

Which muscle tissues are striated?

Smooth and skeletal

Which muscle tissues are voluntary?

G1, S, and G2

Which phases takes place during interphase?

Parietal

Which side of the serous membrane faces the body?

visceral

Which side of the serous membrane faces the organ?

abdonimal

abdomen

Tarsal

ankle

acid

any compound that forms H+ ions in solution

Axiallry

armpit

Lateral

away from the midline (appendicular)

Dorsal

back

Dorsum

back

posterior/dorsal

back of body

Olrcranal

back of elbow

Popliteal

back of knee

Occipital

base of skull

Ventral

belly side

Sacral

between hips

Hallax

big toe

functions of connective tissues

binding of organs, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, transport

Sphenoidal sinuses

bony cavities that lie behind the nasal cavity

Plantar

bottom of foot

Sternal

breastbone

Gluteal

buttock

Sural

calf

3 types of specialized connective tissue

cartilage, bone, blood

Buccal

cheek

Mental

chin

Middle ear cavity

containing the middle ear bones

Thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

Cranial cavity

contains the brain

Pericardial cavity

contains the heart

Pleural cavity

contains the lungs

Spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

lanula

crescent shaped area of nail body near cuticle

Eponychium

cuticle

What is the pH scale used for?

describe whether a solution is acidic or basic

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides

transverse (horizontal) plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

otic

ear

nail root of the nail plate

extends proximally under overlying skin

Ocular

eye

Orbital cavity

eyes

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Digitals

fingers, toes

Antebrachial

forearm

Frontal

forehead

nervous, muscular, connective, epithelial

four major tissue types

Antecubital

front of elbow

anterior/ventral

front of the body

Pubic

genital

Inguinal

groin

Coxal

hip

Patellar

kneecap

Frontal sinuses

located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows

Lumbar

lower back

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

Three main types of fibers

microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

mediastinium

middle of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located

Oral

mouth

Oral cavity

mouth

stratified tissue

multiple layers

Cervical

neck

Nasal

nose

Nasal cavity

nose

parasagittal plane

offset from the midline or midsagittal plane

Metacarpal

palm

Pelvic

pelvis

Abdominopelvic

pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis

Thoracic

pertaining to the chest

Cephalic

pertaining to the head

Perinal

region between the anus and external genitalia

A

right hypochondriac region

G

right iliac region

Crural

shin

Acromial

shoulder

simple tissue

single layer of cells

nail bed

skin underlying the nail plate

Lacunae

small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

Vertebral

spinal column

G1 phase

stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions

chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

structural organization of an organism

Cytology

study of cells

Histology

study of tissues

Three key properties of water

surface tension, cohesion, adhesion

telophase

the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

axon

the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Nail matrix

the part of the nail beneath the body and root from which the nail is produced

Free edge of nail

the portion of the nail that grows out away from the body

Femoral

thigh

Femoral

thigh (femur)

serous membrane

thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

three types of muscle tissue

pollex

thumb

Metatarsal

top of foot

Superficial/external

toward or at the body surface

Medial

toward the midline (axial)

Brachial

upper arm

frontal (coronal) plane

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Nail body of the nail plate

visible part of the nail

hydrophilic

water loving

Carpal

wrist