BSF- Ch.16

What percentage of glomerular filtrate becomes urine?

1%

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ located behind the ___ within the ___ cavity.

pubis symphysis; pelvic

Proteins are able to act as buffers because they can _____________, and ______________.

release H+ when pH is elevated; bind H+ when pH is decreased

Kidneys serve an important role in regulating blood pH by ________.

secreting H+ ions into the renal tubules

The three openings of the bladder form the triangular area called the _____

trigone

Cations and Anions are electrochemically attracted to each other.

true

Perspiring heavily may reduce the volume of urine.

true

The active reabsorption of sodium ions increases the rate of water reabsorption by osmosis

true

The presence of protein and formed elements in the urine may indicate the glomeruli are inflamed and therefore more permeable or leaky.

true

Urination is the most significant water loss source.

true

Urine contains waste and excessive materials removed from the blood.

true

Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions.

true

Urine volume is reduced when water intake is curtailed (decreased).

true

In the process of tubular secretion, ___ are moved from the ___ to the ___.

unwanted substances; blood plasma; tubular fluid

Renal calculi are composed of all of the following EXCEPT __________.

urea

The removal of amine groups (-NH2) from amino acids by the liver results in the less toxic formation of __________

urea

Renal calculi are composed of all of the following except

urea.

______ is a waste product of muscle metabolism.

Creatinine

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Destruction of the aged red blood cells

tubular secretion

Process of moving substances from blood in the peritubular capillary network into the tubular fluid or filtrate.

What is the correct sequence of structures through which filtrate will flow?

Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

A urinary tract infection that invades the kidneys is called

Pyelonephritis.

tubular reabsorption

Recovery of needed materials from tubular fluid or filtrate into the blood in the peritubular capillaries.

antidiuretic hormone

Released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland when the water concentration of the blood is reduced.

What are the main functions of the urinary system?

Removal of waste and regulation of water and electrolyte balance

Which of the following sequences reflects a correct ordering of structures, as encountered when crossing the kidney beginning at the lateral side?

Renal cortex, renal pyramid, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

___ acts to restore blood volume and blood pressure by stimulating aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex.

Renin

aldosterone

Secreted by the adrenal cortex when the concentration of Na+ in the blood is reduced.

_________ is a waste product of nucleic acids.

Uric acid

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) released from capillaries in the lungs converts

angiotensin I to angiotensin II

osmosis

Method of transport for water.

Aldosterone stimulates the tubular reabsorption of ___ and secretion of K+ by the DCT and collecting ducts.

Na+

Aldosterone stimulates the tubular reabsorption of _____ and secretion of K+ by the DCT and collecting ducts.

Na+

99%

Percentage of water in the tubular fluid that is reabsorbed.

proteins

Plasma component that cannot pass through glomerular pores.

With a normal glomerular filtration rate, the entire volume of blood in the body will be filtered approximately every ______ minutes.

40

Which blood vessel leads into the glomerulus?

Afferent arteriole

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

All apply.

The thirst center can be activated by __________.

Both an increase in solute concentration in the blood and angiotensin II when blood pressure declines significantly.

buffers

Chemicals in body fluids that either combine with or release hydrogen ions.

cations

Electrolyte balance is largely maintained by the active reabsorption of _____.

filtrate

Fluid in glomerular capsule.

blood pressure

Force producing filtration.

What is the major function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Helps to regulate blood pressure and volume

renin-angiotensin mechanism

Homeostatic process that maintains the glomerular filtration rate.

sympathetic control

Homeostatic process that maintains the glomerular filtration rate.

What stimulus causes the release of atrial natriuretic hormone from the atria of the heart?

Increased blood volume entering the atria

ADH

Increases the permeability of the DCT and collecting duct to water.

natriuretic peptides

Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium ions and therefore promote the excretion of water to decrease blood volume.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

It is involved in the production of white blood cells.

What is the collective name for the three smooth muscle layers found in the wall of the urinary bladder?

The detrusor muscle

Electrolyte

_____ concentrations in the blood affect the movement of water into cells by osmosis.

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste?

all apply

Urea is a by-product of the metabolism of

amino acids

The ___ collects urine from several distal convoluted tubules, and empties it into the renal pelvis.

collecting duct

Aldosterone is involved in calcium regulation.

false

All of the blood that enters the area of the nephron from the renal artery is filtered and becomes filtrate in a single pass.

false

Water is lost from the body only in urine.

false

The intake of water is largely regulated by the thirst center located in the __________.

hypothalamus

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the _______ and secreted by the ______

hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

The kidneys release erythropoietin when blood _____ levels fall below a healthy level.

oxygen

Atrial natriuretic peptide ___________ in kidneys.

inhibits the reabsoprtion of Na+

When the _________ detects a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate it secretes ________ to start the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

juxtaglomerular complex; renin

The primary function of the urinary system is to __________.

maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits

In which gender is the urethra part of the reproductive system?

male

Another name for urination is

micturition

Urine is formed in the ___________

nephron

As it leaves the glomerulus, blood in the efferent glomerular arteriole will next enter __________

peritubular capillaries

Diuresis or _____ is characteristic of diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus, and is the excessive production of urine.

polyuria

The glomerular filtrate contains the same substances a blood plasma except it lacks

proteins and formed elements

Most of the glucose in tubular fluid is reabsorbed in the ___________

proximal convoluted tubule

Renal tubule consists of the ___________.

proximal convoluted tubule, the distal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, and the collecting duct

A nephron is composed of __________.

renal corpuscle and tubule

The superficial or outer layer of a kidney is the ___, and it contains the ___.

renal cortex; renal corpuscles

Contraction of _________ is(are) voluntarily controlled.

the external urethral sphincter

Secretion occurs when __________.

the filtrate passes from the peritubular capillaries back to the renal tubules

Reabsorption occurs when __________.

the filtrate passes from the renal tubules back to the peritubular capillaries

Females are more prone to cystitis because of __________.

they have a shorter urethra

___ is a waste product of nucleic acids.

uric acid