BTE 210 Exam 1

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

-A company that provides Internet connections for a fee (e.g. Comcast) -ISPs connect to one another through network access points (NAPs)

Hybrid Services

-Box, Dropbox, and SugarSync, all say they work in the cloud because they store a synced version of your files online, but most also sync those files with local storage. -Synchronization to allow all your devices to access the same data is a cornerstone of the cloud computing experience, even if you do access the file locally. It's a mirroring system

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

-Cloud providers build datacenters: Power, scale, hardware, networking, storage, distributed systems, etc -Datacenter as a service -Cloud users rent storage, computation, and maintenance from cloud providers (pay-as-you-go)

3 Basic types of Telecommunications Satellites

-Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) -Middle Earth Orbit (MEO) -Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

BIOS drivers

-OS coordinates the input and output of data to and from its peripherals using special programs. -They are used to translate data sent between the processor and various hardware devices such as printers, disk drives, and monitors.

Web 3.0

-Perform like a personal assistant. As you explore the web, the browser learns your personal interests -When providing answers to your questions, it organizes the results in a real meaningful format for you -It will explain what was found, why the results that are found were selected, and how the results were accomplished

Advantages of OS

-Provide a user interface (GUI) -Provide a degree of hardware independence -Manage system memory -Manage processing tasks -Provide networking capability -Control access to system resources -Manage files

Broadband

-Telecommunication signal of greater bandwidth -FCC's definition of broadband — download speeds of at least 25 Mbps and upload speeds of at least 3 Mbps.

Data Mining

-The process of searching for valuable information in a large database, data warehouse, or data mart -Two basic operations: 1. Predicting trends and behaviors 2. Identifying previously unknown patterns and relationships

Bandwith

-Transmission capacity of a network (rate of data transfer) -Unit: bits per second (bps)

Communications Media and Channels

-Twisted-pair Wire -Coaxial Cable -Fiber Optics

Infared

-Utilize infrared light Red light not commonly visible to human eyes -Use for short-distance connections -Common uses are in remote control units for TVs, VCRs, DVDs, CD players

Microwave transmission systems

-Widely used for high-volume, long-distance, point-to-point communication -Require line-of-sight Transmitter and receiver are in view of each other Due to curvature of the earth, microwave towers cannot be spaced more than 30 miles apart -Transmission of digital and analog signals, such as long-distance telephone calls, television programs, and computer data -Susceptible to environmental interference

Medium-Range Wireless Networks:

-Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi): Medium-range Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) -Wireless Mesh Networks: Use of multiple Wi-Fi access points to create a wide area network that can be quite large and are essentially a series of interconnected local area networks.

Cloud Computing

-a method for delivering business and IT services. It enables businesses and users to acquire the IT resources they need, just when they need it. -It is a form of on-demand IT service provisioning and utilization. -CC is the use of network resources, principally internet resources, to provide on-demand data processing and storage.

Social computing

-focused on improving collaboration and interaction among people and on encouraging user-generated content -Users, rather than organizations, produce, control, use, and manage content via interactive communications and collaboration -SC is facilitated by Web 2.0 tools and sites

partial/pure electronic commerce

-the merchandise, although bought and paid online, is physically delivered by FedEx, UPS or USPS. -Buying an e-book or software constitutes a pure EC: the product itself as well as its delivery, payment, and transfer are entirely digital.

Network Types

1. Personal Area Networks (PANs) 2. Local Area Networks (LANs) 3. Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Five-step implementation of CC

1.Define the business and IT services to be migrated to the cloud and map them to the SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS types. 2.Identify candidate cloud service providers. 3. Evaluate the cloud service providers. 4. Select the service providers and specific as-a-service platforms. 5. Migrate or implement targeted business and IT services to the selected platform.

Types of Secondary Storage

1.Magnetic Tape 2. Magnetic Discs 3. Solid State Drives (SSD) 4. Optical Storage Devices 5. Flash Memory

Main types of Primary Storage

1.Register Memory 2. Cache Memory 3.Random Access Memory (RAM) 4. Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Mobility and broad reach create five value-added attributes that break the barriers of geography and time

1.Ubiquity 2. Convenience 3. Instant connectivity 4. Personalization 5. Localization of products and services

Cellular Radio(cellular telephones)

1G: used analog signals and had low bandwidth. 2G: uses digital signals primarily for voice communication; it provides data communication up to 10 Kbps. 2.5G: uses digital signals and provides voice and data communication up to 144 Kbps. 3G: uses digital signals and can transmit voice and data up to 128 Kbps when it is moving in a car, 384 Kbps when the device is moving at a walking pace, and up to 2 Mbps when in a fixed location.

Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)

22,300 Miles 8 Satellites Tv Signal -Satellites stationary relative to point on Earth -Few satellites needed for global coverage -Transmission delay -Most expensive to build and launch -Longest orbital life (many years)

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

400-700miles many telephone, internet -Satellites move rapidly relative to point on Earth -Large number needed for global coverage -Requires only low-power transmitters -Negligible transmission delay -Least expensive to build and launch -Shortest orbital life (as low as 5 years)

Middle Earth Orbit (MEO)

6,434 Miles 10-12 GPS -Satellites move relative to point on Earth -Moderate number needed for global coverage -Requires medium-powered transmitters -Negligible transmission delay -Less expensive to build and launch -Moderate orbital life (6-12 years)

1 Byte =

8 Bits

Radio Frequency Jamming

A person or a device intentionally or unintentionally interferes with your wireless network transmissions.

The Internet of Things (IoT)

A scenario in which objects, animals, and people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to automatically transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. (Adoption of IPv6, Wireless Sensors)

Internet Protocol (IP) address

A unique address to each computer on the Internet that distinguishes it from all other computers

satellite

Adv: High bandwidth, Large coverage area Disadvt: Expensive, Requires unobstructed line of sight, Signals experience propagation delay, Requires the use of encryption for security

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Apps are located in the cloud; Software experiences are delivered through the Internet

Universal Product Code (UPC)

Bar code where the first digit identifies the item type, the next five digits identify the manufacturer, the next five identify the product, etc

Multitasking

By rapidly switching between processes, the OS can give the appearance that it is running a multitude of processes simultaneously, called multitasking.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Cloud providers offer an Internet-based platform to developers who want to create services but don't want to build their own cloud

FACT

Computer hardware is generally of no use without an operating system and application software running on it.

Application Software

Consists of instructions that direct a computer system to perform specific information-processing activities and also to provide functionality for users.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names

Coordinates unique IP address assignments globally Accredits 'registrars' that provide a name to computers

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

Data storage devices that serve the same purpose as a hard drive and store data in memory chips. Whereas hard drives have moving parts, SSDs do not.

Microcomputers

Desktop PC's, Thin-Client / Fat Client Systems, Laptop and Notebook Computers, Netbooks, Tablet Computers

electronic payment mechanisms

E-checks electronic cards digital wallets person-to-person payments

Domain Name System (DNS)

Easy-to-remember names for some IP addresses, like business.miami.edu

Mobile Commerce

Electronic commerce transactions conducted in a wireless environment, especially via the Internet

Predictive analysis

Employs mathematical and statistical algorithms, neural networks, artificial intelligence, and other advanced modeling tools. Create actionable predictive models based on available data.

Geographical Information System (GIS)

Every record or digital object has an identified geolocation (e.g. Uber)

Switch

Hardware that forwards and filters between connected cables according to the media access control (MAC) addresses in the packets. It forwards the frames only to the ports involved in the communication rather than to all connected ports as the Hub does.

Router

Hardware that forwards packets between networks by processing information found in the datagram. A router can be used to connect networks to one another.

Cache Memory

High-speed memory that enables the computer to temporarily store blocks of data that are used more often and that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory (RAM). Cache memory is physically located closer to the CPU than RAM.

Linux

Linux is an open-source family of operating systems. It is installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, from mobile phones, tablets, and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. -development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. -terms of the GNU General Public License.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

Lower computer costs: ... Improved Performace: ... Instant Software Updates: ... Improved document format compatibility: ... Increased Data reliability: ... Universal Document Access: ... Latest Version availability: ... Device Independence: ...

Types of clients

Microcomputers (desktop PCs), laptops, tablets, wearable clients(Apple watch)

Software Licensing

No copies of proprietary software allowed.

flash memory devices (MEMORY CARDS)

Nonvolatile electronic storage devices that contain no moving parts and use 30 times less battery power than hard drives. Flash devices are also smaller and more durable than hard drives. One popular flash memory device is the thumb drive (also called memory stick, jump drive, or flash drive).

EC Business Models

Online direct marketing name-your-own-price find-the-best-price group purchasing online auctions membership

System Software

Operating systems(OS), Programming Languages, System Utilities, etc. MOST ESSENTIAL: OS

Registers

Part of the CPU. They have the least capacity, storing extremely limited amounts of instructions and data only immediately before and after processing.

Dematerialization with smartphones

Phenomenon that occurs when the functions of many physical devices are included in one other physical device.

Communication Technologies

Provide for the flow of data from external computer networks (e.g., the Internet and intranets) to the CPU, and from the CPU to computer networks.

Mobile Computing

Refers to a real-time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as the Internet.

Disadvantages of cloud computing

Requires constant Internet connection: ... Does not work well with low-speed connections: ... Features might be limited: ...

Types of Computers

Servers, Clients

Electronic Business

Servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and performing electronic transactions within an organization

Cloud Computing =

Software as a Service + Platform as a Service +Infrastructure as a Service

proprietary software

Software that has been developed by a company and has restrictions on its use, copying, and modification.

Secondary Storage

Stores data and programs for future use

Types of Servers

Supercomputers, Mainframe computers

RFID Systems

Tags have embedded microchips, which contain data, and antennas to transmit radio signals over short distances.

Basic Cloud Characteristics

The "no-need-to-know" in terms of the underlying details of infrastructure. The "flexibility and elasticity" allows these systems to scale up and down. The "pay as much as used and needed" type of utility computing and the "always on, anywhere and any place" type of network-based computing. (EX. GOOGLE DRIVE)

Memory Management

The OS is responsible for assigning data a place in storage and for remembering those locations. The storage task is complicated by the fact that the data that constitute a single file may not be physically located sequentially.

Task Management

The OS is responsible for controlling and scheduling what data are sent to the CPU for processing

Random Access Memory (RAM)

The part of primary storage that holds a software program and small amounts of data when they are brought from secondary storage. MAIN MEMORY

Computer's Hardaware

The physical Equipment used for the input, processing, output, and storage activities of a computer system.

EC

The process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer networks, including the Internet.

FACT

Traditional hard drives are less expensive Solid-state drives are faster and are more reliable

QR Code

Two-dimensional code, readable by dedicated QR readers

read-only memory (ROM)

Type of chip where certain critical instructions are safeguarded. ROM is nonvolatile, so it retains these instructions when the power to the computer is turned off.

Evil Twin

Using a hotspotter an attacker simulates a wireless access point with the same wireless network ESSID, as the one that authorized users expect. Users will connect to the attacker's system instead of the real access point.

Short-Range Wireless Networks: BLUETOOTH

Utilized to create small personal area networks. Bluetooth 1.0: can link up to 8 devices within 10-meter (30 feet), with a bandwidth of 700 Kbps. Bluetooth 4.0: can transmit up to 25 Mbps within 100-meters (300 feet).

Wireless Transmission Media (WTM)

Wireless Media (aka, broadcast media): -transmit signals without wires Major Types of Wireless Media Channels: -Microwave (line of sight) -Satellite (line of sight) -Infrared (line of sight) -Radio: travel through the air and can pass through walls.

Global Positioning

Wireless system that utilizes MEO satellites to enable users to determine their position on Earth: Navigating, Mapping, Surveying, 911 location, etc.

Business Intelligence (BI)

a broad category of applications, technologies, and processes for gathering, storing, accessing, and analyzing data to help business users make better decisions

ERP Software

a group of commercial software applications integrated to form an enterprise-wide information system solution

Computer Network

a system that connects computers and other devices (ex. printers) via communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them

Input Technologies

accept data and instructions and convert them to a form that the computer can understand

open-source software

computer software whose source code, unlike other copyrighted source code, is available under a license that permits users to study, change, improve, and at times also distribute the software. (ex. Linux)

Single User OS

designed primarily for a single user, such as Windows, Mac OS, Android, etc.

XLTE (advanced LTE)

designed to handle network congestion when too many people in one are try to access an LTE network. Provide all users with no decrease in bandwidth.

5G:

expected to be deployed by 2020, predicted to be faster and more "intelligent" than previous generations.

4G

in theory, 100 Mbps for high-mobility communications such as cars and trains, and 1 Gbps for low-mobility communications such as pedestrians. A 4G system is expected to provide a secure all-IP-based mobile broadband system to all types of mobile devices. Many of the current "4G" offerings do not meet the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) specified speeds, but they call their service 4G nonetheless.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

manipulates the data and controls the tasks performed by the other components

Multiuser OS

permits hundreds of concurrent users (e.g., Linux, Unix, and Windows Server Editions).

Output Technologies

present data and information in a form people can understand

BIOS (basic input/output system)

responsible for loading and starting the OS and establishing device management. first job for the BIOS is to initialize and identify system devices such as the keyboard, mouse, hard disk, CD/DVD drive, and other hardware.

Benefits of Cloud Computing

scalability on-demand, Availability -Both result in lower costs. In IT architecture, clouds are value-added solutions that implement many IT services without a fixed commitment to internal IT resources and the management of them.

LTE (Long Term Evolution)

technology designed to support roaming Internet access via smartphone and handheld devices

Primary Storage (AKA Main Memory)

temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing

cybersquatting

the practice of registering or using domain names for the purpose of profiting from the goodwill or the trademark that belongs to someone else.

"wipe" of OS (secure delete)

you are telling the operating system to overwrite the disk space with either zeros or random data (idea is to make it hard to recover previously deleted files)