Buddhism Test 1

Bo-Gaya

(Bo = "knowledge") the village outside which Sakyamuni mediated under a tree (The Bodhi Tree) until he reached full enlightenment

Vedas

Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.

Shakyamuni

Another name for the Buddha, translating as "Sage of the Shakya Clan"

Shakyamuni

Another name for the Buddha, translating as "Sage of the Shakyas."

Asoka

The grandson of Chandragupta who also was a leader of the Mauryan Empire. He converted to Buddhism from Hinduism and tolerated other religions other then Buddhism when he was the leader. He is the most honored leader of the Mauryan Empire and controlled a very successful civilization.

Abhisheka

bathing of the image of the Buddha; water represents power and unity

Astika/(Nastika)

deny, say no to Vedas, Brahmins, sacrifice, and castes (or not)

Kosala Mob

displays of signs and wonders; he puts out fire for them

Yaktovil

healing ceremony; prevents malevolent supernaturals from overpowering patients by bringing them into the protection of the Buddha and Dharma.

Hinayana

in Mahayana buddhist terminology, the label "lesser vehicle," given to the orthodox southern tradition now represented by the Theravada

Mahinda

monk who was in charge of spreading the word of the true Buddhist tradition to Sri Lanka, Ashoka's son

Mayadevi

mother of the Buddha;

Stupas

moundlike monuments containing relics of the Buddha or some object of veneration

Angulimala

murderer that becomes a monk; murderer of 1000 finger necklace, converts and joins the sangha

Yakas

nature divinities

Patacara

notable female figure in Buddhism; lost her husband to a snake bit and both of her children (eagle and river) and met the Buddha and immediately understood impermanence

Maudgalyayana

one of Buddha's closest disciples

Sariputra

one of the Buddha's two principal disciples (with Maudgalyayana), he became an arhat renowned for his wisdom and ability to teach

Asvajit

one of the first five arahants of Gautama Buddha. He is known for his conversion of Sariputta and Mahamoggallana, the Buddha's two chief male disciples,

Mahayana

one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone

Buddhadharma

original name for Buddhism

Chunda

ower-caste citizen who invited Sakyamuni to his home for a meal the next day. He prepared sukara-maddhava.

Kapilavastu

palace in Nepal where Siddhartha grew up being entertained and sheltered from the world

Kushinagara

place of Buddha's death

Sarnath

place where The Buddha preached his first sermon to his 5 ascetic friends. Setting in motion the wheel of dharma.

Dethasari

progression or tour of a relic

Sarira

relics of buddha (whats left after Buddha is cremated)

Rupakaya

sakyamuni's physical body

Abhidharma

scholastic elaborations on the Teaching of the Buddha; one of the principal divisions of the Buddhist Canon

Brahmin Drona

teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas

Maitreya

the Bodhisattva who is to appear as a Buddha 5000 years after the death of Gautama

Five Ascetics

the Buddha's disciples; he preached to them the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path at his first sermon at Sarnath.

Ananda

the Buddha's first cousin, Served as the Buddha's attendant, and was reputed to have the best recollection of the Buddha's teachings; the chief of Sakyamuni's disciples, who questioned why he decided to die in Kushinigara

Theravada

the way of the elders, the oldest of the Buddhist traditions. Based on the oldest known Buddhist writing called the Pali Canon (written in the Pali language). Teaches that the best way to attain nirvana is to become a monk or nun and spend all of one's time in meditation. Each person must find his or her own path to enlightenment through meditation. Is an individual religion.

Yasodhara

the wife of the Buddha

Kassapa

they wait for him before lighting up Sakyamuni's body

Parinirvana

total nirvana. complete release from samsara attained at the death of a Buddha or arhant.

Bodhi Tree

tree of enlightenment; the particular tree in Bodhgaya, northern India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment

Sujata

village girl that gives buddha milk and a bowl of rice

Mahaprajapati

was the first woman to request ordination from the Buddha and to join the Saṅgha.[1] She was both the Buddha's maternal aunt and adoptive mother,[1] raising him after her sister, Queen Maya (Mahāmāyā), the Buddha's birth mother, died

Lumbini Woods

where the Buddha was born

Henry Steel Olcott

Olcott was the first well-known person of European ancestry to make a formal conversion to Buddhism. considered a Buddhist modernist for his efforts in interpreting Buddhism through a Westernized lens; disagreed with Dharmapala about sacred role of relics; he says they are just superstition

Brahmins

Priests and scholars in the Indian caste system

Arada Kalama

Sakyamuri's first teacher, whom he was unfulfilled by; studied nothingness

Asvaghosa

an indian philosopher-poet

Sutra

any doctrinal discourse attributed to the Buddha; one of the principal divisions of the Buddhist canon

Dalai Lama

"Ocean of Wisdom" temporal and spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists; thought to be one of a line of successive incarnations of the bodhisattva (Avalokitesvara)

Bhikkhuni

"a beggar", a fully ordained Buddhist nun

Karma/Samsara

"action", especially ritual, moral action; any deed that will bring about ceratain

Rahula

"fetter" the Buddha's son. ("A fetter (rahula) has been born, a bondage has been born," and this is how the boy got his name)

Yakuderas

"the ones who know the art of offering" who assume priority control over performance of the yaktovil

Tripitaka

"three baskets" the Buddhist canon, consisting of Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma

Vajrayana

(the Vehicle of the Diamond) Named for the vajra, the Buddha's diamond scepter; prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet; emphasizes the harnessing of sensual energies to attain nirvana

Dadimunda

...

Jataka Tales

547 tales that tell the story of the buddha's previously incarnated lives before he became the Buddha

Tapassu / Bahlluka

A merchant of Ukkala. He and his friend, Bhalluka (Bhalliya), while on their way to Rājagaha, saw the Buddha at the foot of the Rājāyatana tree, in the eighth week after the Enlightenment. Urged by a deity, who had been their relation, they offered the Buddha rice-cakes and honey in a bowl provided by the Four Regent Gods. They became the first lay disciples of the Buddha

Chandaka

Buddhas charioteer and dear friend.

Ahimsa

Hindu belief in nonviolence and reverence for all life

Vishnu

Hindu god considered the preserver of the world

Jains

Indian religious community that teaches compassion for all beings; nonviolence

Sukara Maddhava

It was Cunda who gave the Buddha the dish of sukara-maddava from which he later died. But what does this word mean? In the past, some Buddhist scholars have translated sukara-maddava as "hog-mincemeat" or "pig's delight". It is possible that sukara-maddava could have been a kind of toxic mushroom.

Ikkyu

Takes the blame for a monk who breaks the master's cup

Vinaya

The Discipline, or Code of Conduct, for monks and nuns; one of the principal divisions of the Buddhist Canon

Moksha

The Hindu concept of spiritual liberation from the endless cycle of rebirth

Vesak (Vaisakha)

The most important festival; celebrates Buddha's birth, enlightenment, and parinirvana

Pretas/Bhut

a ghost whose chief suffering is that of hunger and thirst; a spirit of the dead; the preta realm is one of the realms of rebirth

Devas

a god, a divinity, a status which, in Buddhism, is pleasurable and powerful but ultimately impermanent and still caught up in the cycle of samsara. the deva realm is one of the realms of birth

Bodhisattva

a person who has attained enlightenment but who has postponed nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment

Siddhartha

a prince who founded Buddhism; the Buddha

Enlightenment

a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe.

Sramana

a wandering monk; one who renounces the world and leads an ascetic life for the purpose of spiritual development and liberation.

Cakravartin

a wheel-turning monarch; a great king who rules the world according to Dharma

Mara

according to the early Buddhists, the devil who tempted Buddha; the "robber of life"

Arhat

the buddhist saint; one who has attained enlightenment and is no longer subject to death and rebirth

Kanthaka

the horse on which the Bodhisattva escapes Kapilavatsu in effort to become an ascetic

Atman

the individual soul, known after enlightenment to be identical with Brahman.

Indra

the king of the gods in Hindu-Buddhist mythology; sometimes called Sakra

Sutra of the Great Decease

the last days of the Buddha

Dana

the practice of giving, of making donations, especially to the sangha

Pratimoksha

the rules and regulations that monastic monks follow

Four Sights

the sights that Siddartha saw when he went out of the palace-death,sickness,old age, and a monk

Yasa

the sixth bhikkhu in the Buddha's sangha and was the sixth to achieve arahanthood; son of Sujata, who offered rice offering for the origin of alms-giving

Nirvana

the soteriological goal in Buddhism, characterized by the cessation of desire, ignorance, and hatred.

Dharma

the teaching of the Buddha, Truth, Law, Doctrine; a basic element of reality; anything fundamentally true or real

Triple Gems

the three jewels or three refuges that are the focal point of all Buddhists: I take Refuge in Buddha (enlightened one) I take Refuge in Dharma (doctrine) I take Refuge in Sangha (community)