Building Construction 3: Reinforced Concrete Beams, Roof Decks

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Spandrel Beam

A beam that runs along the outside edge of a floor or roof; can support a nonbearing curtain wall.

inclined tensile stresses

If a concrete beam is reinforced with longitudinal steel only, these diagonal stresses tend o produce cracks which are vertical at the center of the span and become more inclined as they approach the support where they slope towards the center at an angle of about 45.

bend, lengthen or shorten

The loads that act on the beam, as well as the weight of the beam itself, tend to ____ rather than ____

tension, compression

The lower part of the beam is said to be in ___, while the upper part is in ___.

diagonal tension

The stresses that cause these cracks; to prevent failure due to this, additional reinforcing bars are used

Cantilever Beams

The tensile reinforcement is located at top of the beam and inverted U-stirrups are provided.

bottom

the reinforcement of a beam is placed near the ____ of the section.

Beam with Compression Reinforcement

type of beam no bent up bars are required; Beams with compression reinforcement are used when the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam are limited by architectural or structural conditions so that there is an insufficient concrete area for the compressive stresses.

reinforced concrete beams

designed to act together with longitudinal and web reinforcement in resisting applied forces

Reinforced concrete roof slabs

formed and sitecast in the same manner as concrete floor systems. Roof decks are normally covered with a type of membrane roofing for insulation and waterproofing.

metal anchor

may be cast into a spandrel beams to secure the curtain wall panels.

web reinforcement

method(s) of placing reinforcement to prevent or resist shear stress; turn up some of the tensions steel or use vertical stirrups

90, 135, 180 deg.

standard hook

Semi-continuous beam

It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the other end is projecting beyond a fixed support.

Bent Bar

Longitudinal bar bent to an angle of 30 degrees or more with the axis of a concrete beam, perpendicular to and intersecting. Cracking. Could occur from the diagonal tension

roof decks

Reinforced concrete roof slabs other term

Beam brackets or Corbels

Short beam extensions from columns used to support rafters or trusses

Simple beams

These are beams having a single span with a support at each end, there being no restraint at the supports.

Continuous beams

These are beams resting on more than two supports

Cantilever beams

These are beams that are supported at one end only, or they may be that portion of beams projecting beyond one of its supports.

Beam with Compression Reinforcement

These are beams with reinforcement in the compression as well as the tension side of the beam, hence they are also called double reinforced beams.

Hollow box girders

These are double reinforced beams used for long spans. In order to reduce the dead load (the weight of the beam) it is hollowed in the center of the section; Diaphragms are provided at intervals throughout the length of the beam.

downwards, elongated, compressed

When a beam is subjected to ____ at the middle, the lower part of the beam being _____ while the upper part is ____.

T-beams

When a reinforced concrete floor slab and its supporting beam (or girder) are built at the same time and thoroughly tied together, a part of the slab may be considered to act with upper part of the beam in compression.

inflection point

a beam at which the bending moment changes from positive to negative

girder

a term applied to a beam that supports one or more smaller beams, as concentrated loads.

semi-continuous

also frequently used in reinforced-concrete; It refers to a beam having two spans with little or no restraint at the two extreme ends of the beam.

Stirrups

bent reinforcing bars; should always have hooks at the ends to provide anchorage to resist the tensile stresses.

beam

defined as a structural member, resting on supports usually at its ends, which supports transverse loads.


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