Bus 301 Exam 1 Study Guide

Content

"What are the different needs that activate motivation's direction, intensity, and persistence?" This statement reflects which theories of motivation?

self-awareness

"When you know yourself, you are comfortable with your strengths and not crippled by your shortcomings...." This is

Stereotype

"Women have a harder time than men in being perceived as effective leaders." This statement is a

Team

A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

Standard Setter

A commentator will record and comment on group processes/dynamics, while a(n) _____ will evaluate the quality of group processes.

Norming

A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during the _______ stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. Group cohesiveness, defined as the "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is the principal by-product of Stage 3

Job enlargement

A firm trained its customer service representatives who handled telephone inquiries to handle walk-in customers as well. The firm engaged in

job enlargement

A firm trained its customer service representatives who handled telephone inquiries to handle walk-in customers as well. The firm engaged in

Both variables indirectly influence each other

According to research, the relationship between job performance and job satisfactions is best summarized by which of the following statements?

Can negatively affect women and minorities

Affirmative action plans

Perceptions

Alana looks at the clouds and sees flowers. Her brother, Sammy, looks at the same clouds and sees jellyfish. Alana and Sammy have different

Individual

Alexa quit her job because she felt it was boring. This would be diagnosed as a(n) __________ level problem.

External causes

All the employees in Mustafa's unit are performing poorly on one specific aspect of their jobs during the month of June; however, they are performing well on all other parts of their job. This is likely to be attributed to

Does not feel confident in his or her ability to do the job

An expectancy of zero means that the person

Storming

As a manager, Laurel has established a new work group to tackle a particular project. She has introduced all the members to each other and the group has elected a leader. However, lately Laurel has noticed that some group members are procrastinating on their duties. Two cliques have formed within the group and they are frequently arguing with and challenging the group leader's opinions. Which of the following stages of group development process is Laurel observing?

Procedural technician

As a part of a work team in his office, it is Larry's job to make photocopies of relevant materials and hand them out to the team members during meetings. Which of the following task roles is Larry performing in his work team?

Cognitive dissonance

As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. You never cheated on any exam. However, this semester your best friend was desperate for your help, and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. Since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort?

Higher performance ratings and lower organizational costs

As demonstrated by research, ___________ is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior.

Build teams

As manager of Kids Skids, Meghan wants to develop her relationship management skills. In order to do this, she learns how to

Harmonizer

As part of a work group, Bob's main job is to resolve conflicts between other group members. Whenever there is an argument, he tries to figure out a solution that benefits both parties, or he quickly defuses the tension with some jokes. Which of the following roles is Bob performing within his work group?

Physiological

As the mother of two small children, Jen struggles to make ends meet on her minimum-wage job. After paying rent and child care expenses, there is sometimes not enough money left at the end of the month to pay the heating bill. More than once the family has gone without warmth on cold nights, and she and the kids have gone to bed hungry. Which of the five basic needs is Jen struggling to meet?

Internal; external

At its most basic, a person's behavior can be attributed to either ______ or ______ factors.

Authentic

At work, Jenna always volunteers to help others on their projects. But, she really resents the extra work and constantly complains to her friends that she is doing everyone else's job. Jenna is not _____; she needs to be more self-aware of what she takes on.

On a slippery slope

Because the auditors of XYX Company accepted a client firm's questionable financial statements when the infractions have occurred over time, James believes that they are

Behavior

Ben and Jena are arguing over individual differences. Which of the following does a person have the most control over?

Problem

Bettina wants to make the Dean's List this semester. She is doing well in all of her courses except Accounting. This presents a(n) _____ for Bettina.

Positive inequity

Bettina will experience _______ if her outcome to input ratio is greater than that of a relevant comparison person.

Self-serving bias

Bill receives a compliment on a recent campaign; he attributes the success to his creativity. Mark's campaign didn't do well; he blames his team for not pulling together. These are examples of

Knowing his or her own strengths and limits

By ________________, a person can develop self-awareness

Consistency

Camilla, a manager, notes that Wilhelm's written reports from his hire date to the present are very thorough and accurate. Camilla is looking at

Not letting other group members make decisions

Carl's team is evaluating his effectiveness as a leader. Which of the following behaviors does not reflect an effective leader?

Fostering strategies and action plans

Carol is a recent high-school graduate with an excellent grade point average. After much thought, she decides to pursue a graduate degree in physics after she finishes her undergraduate degree and eventually become a professor. To attain this goal, she realizes that she must first study hard and do well in her undergraduate classes, then take the graduate entrance exam and apply to the best graduate programs in her field. Along the way, she wants to obtain an internship, as this will help her get into a quality graduate program. Which motivational mechanism of the goal-setting process does this scenario demonstrate?

High influence over others

Chris, a manager, knows that one of his employees values achievement and power. Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes

Decrease his inputs

Chuck is concerned with what he considers to be an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a co-worker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using the terminology of equity theory, Chuck has decided to

Two weeks paid vacation

Claire has a law degree and brings five years of experience to her current job. She bills more client hours than any other associate. Claire receives a salary of $125,000, a bonus, medical and dental coverage, and two weeks paid vacation per year. From Claire's perspective, which of the following is an output of the individual-organization exchange relationship?

Harmonizer

Claire takes on the role of _________; she tends to mediate conflict through humor.

Psychological Contract

Claire works for Content Consultants. She telecommutes and has great flexibility in her work schedule. In return, Content Consultants expects to have satisfied clients who hire them again. Claire receives consistently high evaluations. Despite that, the company now wants her to work out of the main office. Claire feels that Content Consultants has breached a

Trust of disclosure

Communication trust is

Proactivity

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all the following except

Presenting poor financial results at the quarterly meeting

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) harms other employees, the organization as a whole, and/or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders. Which of the following is not an example of CWB?

High Distinctiveness

David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform tasks A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?

Behavioral

Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the _______ component of her attitude.

Respecting the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules

Discretionary individual behavior that promotes the effective functioning of the organization is called organizational citizenship behavior. ______ is an example of OCB.

Expectancy

Don believes that if he works hard and attends every class, he will get an A in his OB course. This belief is called a(n)

"Let's accept and praise the various points of view."

During a group meeting, Nadia comments, _____. She is performing a maintenance role.

Incorporate the right mix of skills and talents

Effective teams

OCB

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting _________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.

Consensus

Ethan observes that his subordinate, Nate, is performing and acting like the other members of the unit. He is observing

Right and wrong

Ethics is primarily concerned with

You can rely on the legal system to manage or assure ethical conduct at work

Extreme examples of unethical and illegal conduct are the exception in the business community. Which of the following statements about this behavior is false?

Autonomy

Fiona was telling her friend about the freedom and discretion given to her in scheduling and deciding the procedures used to complete the tasks assigned to her. Which of the following job characteristics was she talking about?

Applicant's cognitive abilities

Francis interviews two candidates for an administrative assistant position that will require a fair amount of project management. The first candidate is enthusiastic and states that she can "do anything she sets her mind to." She shows up for the interview without a résumé because she know she will be selected for the position. The second candidate is more reserved, but offers Francis his résumé and a portfolio. He explains that in his last position he managed several projects and kept them on track. Which of the following would be the main reason for Francis to hire the second applicant?

Value attainment

Genevieve is a very religious person who does volunteer work for her church on weekends. When it came to selecting who would chair the United Fund drive for the department, her manager immediately thought of her and asked her to serve. The manager's action reflects the __________ model of job satisfaction.

Indirect blindness

Green Care Landscaping Company minimizes attention to a price increase by selling lawn care treatments to a subsidiary, Keep It Up, Inc. Keep It Up then increases the price of the specific treatments. The manager of Keep It Up wants to notify customers that they are a subsidiary of Green Care Landscaping and that the increase has come from the parent company. This is an example of a remedy for

Forming

Group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about their roles, the people in charge and the group's goals during the _____ stage.

Role

Groups transform individuals into functioning organizational members communicating and enforcing ______ expectations.

Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency

Harold Kelley hypothesized that people make casual attributions by observing three dimensions fo behavior

She helps plan and organize work; monitors progress; and provides constructive feedback.

Harriet is an active member of the large Freshman Orientation board. There are five separate teams on this board, and they all want Harriet as a member because she is good at keeping the team on track. Which of the following behaviors does Harriet exhibit?

Motivated blindness

Harriet saw Josephine cheating on a test in their OB class. However, she did not report this because Josephine is on her team in the class and she feared that Josephine might be kicked out of the class and that this would hurt her team's chances of doing well on their project. Harriet is experiencing

Internal causes

If Otto views a situation as having low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency, he is likely to make an attribution of

Motivated blindness

Ilsa is part of a team working on a project. Vanessa's role on the team is to update and present status reports to management. Ilsa knows that Vanessa's reports do not show the delays that have occurred, but she doesn't say anything because she does not want upper management more involved. Which of the following is Ilsa is exhibiting?

Selects the optimal response

In solving a problem, a manager

Hygiene

Inez was content with her job at Pieces Packaging until the company added two levels of supervision, lowered bonuses, and decreased breaks. Her current dissatisfaction reflects ______ factors.

Using CSE as one broad personality characteristic

James believes the best thing he can do is hire based on

feeling safe at work, having good relationships with coworkers, and having a good relationship with an immediate supervisor.

Job satisfaction across the United States has gone up, according to a national survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management. The top three facets of satisfaction include

Our valance

"How much do I value the rewards I receive?" This question addresses

Our valence

"How much do I value the rewards I receive?" This question addresses

Storming

Carol takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represents the _________ stage; it is a time of testing

Implicit cognition

Carrie goes out to lunch and orders a diet soda. If we consider _________, she is likely to prefer a salad for lunch.

Organizational; individual

Formal groups perform two basic functions: __________ and __________.

strong need for affiliation

Gerry, one of your subordinates, seems to care so much about being liked that he rarely states strong opinions in meetings of your department. Based on this, Gerry probably has a

a high self-efficacy

Giovanni is expressing ________ when he says, "I can run a mile in under five minutes."

Logical-mathematical

Josephine scored very high on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) on all three parts. She is likely to possess high ________ intelligence.

Emotional stability

Klaus works in a very stressful job, but maintains his "cool" even in the worst times. This represents the ________ dimension.

Telecommuting

______ is one element that allows employees to balance their work lives and family lives.

CWB

`Juliet often takes office supplies home for her personal use. This is an example of

Define the problem

Joe expresses concern with Rita, an intern scheduled to work on his team for three weeks. José, Joe's manager, quickly decides to move Rita to another team. Which key problem-solving step has Jose skipped?

Group

Joe, a hard and productive worker, quit because he couldn't get along with his coworkers. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ________ level problem.

Intelligence

Johan does well at work because he is able to think constructively, reason, and problem solve. Johan is ehibiting

Stressed

John hasn't started working on his term paper. He wants to do well in the course, but he's struggling with how to identify a solid topic and start an outline. Most of the other students appear to be moving ahead. John is procrastinating because he is

Linguistic

Katherine does especially well in her language courses, but struggles in chemistry. She has ________ intelligence.

Withdrawal cognitions

Kim lives and works in a small town, even though she prefers life in a bigger city. She is quite dissatisfied with her current job and is thinking of leaving the organization. She is worried, however, about her ability to find other employment that pays as well as her current job. Additionally, she is concerned about finding another organization that offers college tuition reimbursement. Based on this information, Kim is experiencing

Bodily-kinesthetic

Len is the top swimmer on his school's team. Star athletes are likely to be high in ___________ intelligence

High on agreeableness

Marisa is the office manager in a small company. Her employees find that they can often come late to work for them. Marisa is likely to score

Intentions; attitudes and planned behavior

___________ are the key links between ___________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.

Stimulation

Carla will graduate from her business program next month. She is happiest in jobs where she doesn't know what will be waiting for her when she gets to work, and she excels at problem solving. Carla needs a career that involves

Gen Xers

Jennifer is described by her friends as independent, distrusting authority, and technologically savvy. One of her strongest memories is the day of the Oklahoma City bombings. She is most likely to be a member of the _____ generation.

Serves as a passive audience

A follower is a person who

Does not value the outcomes

A low valence means that the person

Gatekeeper

A person in the ______ role will encourage all group members to participate

Foster group solidarity by accepting and praising various points of view

A person in the encourager role will

A gap between an actual and desired situation

A problem is

Proactive person

A(n) _______ is someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change.

charter

A(n) ___________ helps guide behavior as well as avoid and overcome conflict.

Process

A(n) ___________ theory attempts to describe how various person and environmental factors affect motivation.

Resolving the problem

Anne, a manager, hires the first person she interviews because she believes that person can do the job adequately. Anne is

I didn't study hard enough for this test

Bill, who has an internal locus of control, failed his last history test. Which of the following is he likely to say?

Met expectations

Carlos works at Tyner Construction Company as an assistant project manager. His manager assured him that if his projects came in on time and under budget, he would be promoted within a year. At nine months, Carlo is promoted to project manager. This is an example of

Distinctiveness

Carlos, a manager, is looking at records of Mary's work performance. He notes that she performed very well on task A, but poorly on task B. He is observing

distinctiveness

Carlos, a manager, is looking at records of Mary's work performance. He notes that she performed very well on task A, but poorly on task B. He is observing

Gatekeeper

During group meetings, Patty feels that everyone should have their say whenever the group makes an important decision. She makes sure that every group member gets the chance to put forth his or her own ideas during the meeting. Which of the following maintenance roles is Patty performing?

Create a positive attitude

Eleanor wants to be sure that the final team project in a senior capstone course is of top quality. Jerome, another team member, just wants to get it done quickly. Using Alzen's model, what can Eleanor do to try and encourage Jerome to work hard?

low self-efficacy for accounting

Halfway through the semester, Samuel quit doing assignments for and going to his advanced accounting class. He attributes this to his poor performance on the first two tests, as well as his lack of talent for accounting; he feels he will do much better as a management major. Samuel is likely to be experiencing

Solving the problem

Halim hires a new employee who best meets the characteristics he is looking for in the ideal employee. He is

Not a proactive personality

Halim, one of your employees, always seems to be "taking it easy," often ignores problems that arise, and rarely takes action on his own. It is likely that Halim is

Openness to change

Horatio loves extreme sports and works as white-water rafting instructor. This reflects the values in the ____________ dimension of Schwartz's model.

Physiological; self-actualization

In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, _______ is the lowest level and __________ is the highest level.

We learn needs as we live our lives

In McClelland's acquired needs theory

top-down

In _________ job design, managers change employees' tasks with the intent of increasing motivation and productivity.

individualistic rather than collectivist cultures

In __________, the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction is significantly stronger.

Leadership responsibilities often shift as members step up

In a self-managed team

Teamwork

In a study of executives from 300 companies, the most desirable soft skill named was

dispositional/genetic

In some cases, coworkers or friends remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied. This is a reflection of the _____ model.

Cognitive dissonance

Jane hates the idea of child labor. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas. ______ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news.

Creating routine jobs that are boring but easy to perform

Managers should attempt to raise subordinates' self-efficacy by all of the following except

Practical

Martha worked for a marketing company with a casual atmosphere and informal culture. The company declared bankruptcy. Martha can't wait to find a similar position. In the past, she worked for companies with a more traditional and formal structure. She now has a new job in a bank. Martha dresses differently, puts in longer hours, and studies at home to better understand the bank's services. She is exhibiting _______ intelligence.

Assimilate

ABC Airlines hires flight attendants from diverse backgrounds and puts them through an extensive training and orientation program before they are approved to fly. In addition to learning about responding to medical issues and FAA guidelines, they also must learn the company's many rules and processes as contained in an extensive procedures and policies manual. ABC Airlines is adopting a(n) ______ option for managing diversity.

Self-determination; relatedness

ABC Company recently held a company picnic. _________ theory would suggest that this kind of event is good because it increases employees' ________.

Theory X

According to _________, the typical perspective held by managers is that employees dislike work, must be monitored, and can be motivated only with rewards and punishment ("carrots and sticks").

POS

Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities. Her _____ is most likely to be negative.

Americans with Disabilities Act

Helen uses a wheelchair to get around. Her company, Cue Furniture, makes sure her desk is wheelchair accessible. The ___________ requires the company to do provide this.

Make sure that your recommendations address the causes of the problem

In some business situations, you will make recommendations to solve a problem. Which of the following actions can help improve the quality of your recommendations?

Organizational turnover

In the Integrative Framework, which of the following is an outcome?

Inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes

In the Organizing Framework,

Situation characteristics

In the Organizing Framework, inputs (in part) consist of

Norming

In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished

Psychological contract

Janice creates advertising slogans for the advertising firm that employs her. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. A(n) ________ represents Janice's beliefs

Withdrawal cognitions

Jason is working at Sushow Motors. The position, as originally described, involved conducting research with customers. Instead, Jason is answering phones and filing. He's very unhappy and thinks he should find another job. This thought process is

An external locus of control

Jennifer wins an art contest. She attributes the outcome to luck. Jennifer is likely to have

Stereotype

Joyce finds that the members of the project team to which she has been assigned in her management class are all athletes on the college's football and basketball teams. She immediately considers dropping the class because she thinks her experience with that team will be negative. Joyce is likely to be reacting to a

Enhancing the employee's job satisfaction

Kiki is a manager of a small boutique gift store. She only has two employees, Tim and Sandra. Tim is a part-time student and is happy with the amount of work he has at the store. Sandra works full-time, but seems to be less interested and increasingly remote at work. Kiki asks Sandra if anything is wrong, and Sandra says she is bored and thinking of leaving. Kiki knows that Sandra paints as a hobby and suggests that she might want to take over the store and window displays. Sandra is really excited about the opportunity. This is an example of a manager who is