bus ethics #2 real
According to Aristotle, to be moral one must always follow one's present inclinations.
False
According to Aristotle, to be moral one must always resist ones present inclinations and rely on the Categorical Imperatice
False
According to Friedman, shareholders are only ever interested in profits for themselves.
False
According to Hausman & McPherson, desire satisfaction is a good measure of human well being.
False
According to many prominent Libertarians, certain people are naturally superior, others are naturally subordinate, and the market mechanism effectively assigns each to his or her proper role in society
False
According to the Aristotelian approach to ethics, every social institution has exactly the same moral purpose - to promote all aspects of each person's human flourishing.
False
According to the Aristotelian approach to ethics, there is no such thing as human nature.
False
The argument that markets are good because they are necessary for liberty and the argument that markets are good because they produce good outcomes are (completely) compatible- they can both be (completely) right...
False
The fact that market mechanisms supply us with most of the things we need to survive means that markets must be morally good.
False
All of the following are coherent examples of justifications of the free market, except for which?
Free markets are good as they allow for both good outcomes and protection of rights.
The basic idea of holding agents responsibly for damages created by products they make, sell, or oversee requires that
None of the above
According to Aristotle, citizenship and politics are part of the good life for human beings.
True
According to Hausman & McPherson, desire satisfaction is a not good measure of human well being.
True
According to the Aristotelian approach to ethics, social institutions have moral purposes.
True
According to the Aristotelian approach to ethics, we need to know about human nature in order to figure out human flourishing.
True
Allowing people to exercise their property rights without regard to consequences can allow for bad outcomes
True
Which of the following is not a criticism of the welfare/outcome argument for free markets? a) Freedom is not an absolute value - outcomes matter b) Markets can distribute benefits in a way that leaves some people without much c)Markets satisfy preferences, but some preferences shouldn't be satisfied (e.g., segregationists) d) None of the above are foregoing criticisms of the welfare/outcome argument for free markets
a) Freedom is not an absolute value - outcomes matter
Friedman's argument for shareholder primacy is based on... a) Libertarianism b) Utilitarianism c) Feminism d) Teleology
a) Libertarianism
With which statement is someone who supports the free market Libertarian reasons most likely to agree? a) Overall, liberty is more valuable than anything else b) What really matters in ethics is the kind of person you are c) The best things that can happen to a person is that they have their preferences satisfied d) The free market is neither good nor bad in a moral sense - it is just a morally neutral fact of life
a) Overall, liberty is more valuable than anything else
Which of the following statements would not fit as a critique of the welfare/outcome justification of the market? a) The good should be defined as preference satisfaction b) The good should not be defined as preference satisfaction c) There are more important moral goals than maximizing good consequences d) The harm that some people experience due to the free market system cannot be justified by the good the market produces for others
a) The good should be defined as preference satisfaction
10. According to the Aristotelian approach to ethics, government regulation of social institutions is... a) Never justified because such regulations harm human flourishing b) Justified to the extent that such regulations safeguard human flourishing c) Not a moral issue at all because regulations concern outcomes and morality is about principles d) None of the above
b) Justified to the extent that such regulations safeguard human flourishing
According to the Aristotelian approach to ethics, a) A person's current inclinations determine what is good for her b) People must use reason to identify and balance important human interests c) It is important not to overthink ethical situations = people need to go with the flow d) People must step completely outside of their own inclinations in order to think ethically
b) People must use reason to identify and balance important human interests
According to Hausman and Mcpherson, standard normative economis tells us that a) there are no good reasons for cash benefits b) cash benefits increase preference satisfaction at least as well as in-kind benefits c) in-kind benefits increase preference satisfaction at least as well as cash benefits d) none of the above
b) cash benefits increase preference satisfaction at least as well as in-kind benefits
According to Aristotelian principles, the telos if a firm is to a) make money-period. b) facilitate some aspect of human well-being ( w/o harming any other) c) strengthen the community and enable it to compete for resources with other communities d) none of the above
b) facilitate some aspect of human well-being ( w/o harming any other)
According to Aristotle, a) the moral goal is realizing our nature as human beings b) a persons current inclinations cannot determine what is good for her c) both of the above d) none of the above
c) both of the above
On Aristotle's view of ethics, a person's current inclinations a) must be seen as bad b) must be seen as good c) can be good or bad, depending on what they are d) none of the above
c) can be good or bad, depending on what they are
According to Hausman & Mcpherson a) government welfare programs lead to dependency b) if we get well being right, increasing well being is always a good thing c) it is sometimes appropriate to forgo programs that increase well- being (e.g. for distributional reasons or to aboid inappropriate actions, e.g. aiding specific religious programs) d) none of the above
c) it is sometimes appropriate to forgo programs that increase well- being (e.g. for distributional reasons or to aboid inappropriate actions, e.g. aiding specific religious programs)
According to Aristotelian principles, government should always a) stay out of the market place b) take control of the marketplace c) monitor the effects of market transactions on human well- being d) none of the above
c) monitor the effects of market transactions on human well- being
According to the Libertarian doctrine of personal responsibility a) War is politics by other means b) Those who forget history are doomed to repeat it c) Americans can be counted on to do the right thing - after they have tried everything else d) None of the above (all of the foregoing are familiar phrases that have nothing in particular to do with Libertarianism)
d) None of the above (all of the foregoing are familiar phrases that have nothing in particular to do with Libertarianism)
Economic/Pareto efficiency is defined in terms of which concept? a) Ease of use b) Transaction costs c) Return on investment d) Preference satisfaction
d) Preference satisfaction
46. Libertarianism rules out a) paternalism b) laws against vice c) redistribution of assets d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The welfare/outcome argument for markets holds that a) pareto improvements are beneficial b)market competition creates pareto improvements c) providing benefits to induviduals is morally good, all other things being equal d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Non-Libertarians — i.e., people who think outcomes are important to the evaluation of markets — a) must be Benthamite consequentialists b) must be in favor of paternalistic coercion c) cannot see Liberty (self-governance, autonomy) as a value at all d) can allow that Liberty (self-governance, autonomy) is one value among many
d) can allow that Liberty (self-governance, autonomy) is one value among many
According to hausman & mcpherson, the following counts as paternalism a) jusging that someone is wrong about her own well- being b) trying to persuade someone that she is wrong about her own well- being c) all of the above d) none of the above
d) none of the above
According to Freeman, which of the following parties are among the stakeholders in a firm's success? a) The firm's stockholders b) The firm's bondholders c) The firm's employees d) The local community e) All of the above
e) All of the above
According to Aristotle, government interference in the economic marketplace is an intolerable intrusion into human freedom
false
According to Hausman & McPherson, paternalism is always bad
false
According to Stone, managers should always seek to maximize profits because this goal serves as a "polestar" - pursuing it leads to benefits for all stakeholders.
false
Hausman & McPherson accept the claim that markets are good because they see preference satisfaction as good.
false
libertarianism recognized a fundamental human right to be provided with basic subsidence
false
Srinivasan's claim that libertarians hold that exchanges made in desperate circumstances, were one party has no meaningful choice, are nonetheless free (as long as there is no direct physical compulsion) is meant to critique libertarianism by showing that
it is based on an implausible definition of freedom.
According to Libertarianism, taking money from people - even for a good cause, even if they are very wealthy - is coercive and so violates their liberty to do with their money whatever they please
true
According to Sandel, cannibalism between consenting adults poses the ultimate test for the libertarian principle of self- ownership and the idea of justice that follows from it.
true
According to many prominent Libertarians, a government violates individual freedom when it makes laws against employment discrimination: if employers want to discriminate on the basis of race, religion, or any other factor, the state has no right to prevent them from doing so.
true
According to standard normative economics (e.g., the view Hausman & McPherson criticize),free markets are good because of their consequences.
true
Allowing people to exercise their property rights without regard to consequences can allow for bad outcomes.
true
The argument that markets are good because they are necessary for liberty and the argument that markets are good because they produce good outcomes are (completely) compatible- they cant both be (completely) right...
true
The basic Libertarian position holds that each of us has the right to do whatever we want with the things we own, provided we respect other people's rights to do the same.
true
according to hausman & mcpherson, giving someone cash rather than something you buy for them with that cash maximizes that persons preference satisfaction
true