Bus Gov and Society

The traditional concept of business responsibility that prevailed in the United States during most of its history was fashioned after the: a. economic model. b. legal model. c. social model. d. stakeholder model.

economic model.

_____ are the basic building blocks that are the progenitors of all other cells and are the raw materials with which a human body is built. a. Embryonic clone cells b. Embryonic gene cells c. Embryonic stalk cells d. Embryonic stem cells

Embryonic stem cells

______ occurs when the speed of technological change far exceeds that of ethical development. a. Ethical lag b. Ethical determinism c. Technological lag d. Technological determinism

Ethical Lag

_____ is where we pick and choose which source of norms we wish to use on the basis of what will justify our current actions. a. Absolute hazard b. Ethical relativism c. Lemon problem d. Utilitarianism

Ethical relativism

_____ ethical challenges include situations that are generally outside the context of employment. a. Department-level b. Industry level c. Organizational-level d. Personal-level

Personal Level

_____ is the primary tool used by bioethicists to establish elaborate protocols to ensure that certain classical worries, such as informed consent, are not violated. a. Absolutism b. Determinism c. Proceduralism d. Relativism

Proceduralism

_____ is the tendency for people to process information in a way that serves to support their preexisting beliefs and their perceived self-interest. a. Bounded ethicality b. Conformity bias c. Overconfidence bias d. Self-serving bias

Self-serving bias

_____is an approach to ethical leadership based on the moral principle of serving others first. a. Authoritarian leadership b. Democratic leadership c. Laissez-faire leadership d. Servant leadership

Servant leadership

_____refers to unsolicited commercial e-mail that is sent through "open relays" to millions of people. a. Blog b. Bot c. Scrap d. Spam

Spam

_____ is the imperative that "what can be developed will be developed" a. Ethical lag b. Technological determinism c. Technological lag d. Technological relativism

Technological determinism

_____ theories focus on the consequences or results of the actions they produce. a. Aretaic b. Categorical c. Deontological d. Teleological

Teleological

_____ is a major initiative to improve sweatshop conditions. a. The Big Mac Initiative b. The Bribe-Payers Initiative c. The Corruption Perception Initiative d. The Social Accountability 8000 initiative

The Social Accountability 8000 initiative

The U.S. Supreme Court's recent decision on the Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) decided: a. The law cannot be applied to actions that take place overseas. b. The law can be applied to actions that take place overseas. c. The law can be used by U.S. Citizens only. d. The law can be used by U.S. Citizens and foreign individuals.

The law cannot be applied to actions that take place overseas.

Which of the following is true regarding the public's opinion of business ethics? a. The public's view of business ethics has never been high. b. The public believes that most businesses have very high ethical standards. c. More than 90% of people believe that business executives have very low ethics. d. According to studies, the public's perception of business ethics is uniform across occupations and industries

The public's view of business ethics has never been high.

Which of the following is true regarding stakeholders? a. The term stakeholder is a variant of the traditional concept of stockholder or shareholder. b. Stakeholders are limited to the owners of businesses. c. A stakeholder has no interest or legal claim of ownership in the business firm. d. Stakeholders are not affected by the actions and decisions of the business firm.

The term stakeholder is a variant of the traditional concept of stockholder or shareholder.

Ethical standards that should transcend national boundaries are referred to as: a. hypernorms b. intra-cultural values c. national standards d. relativist values

hypernorms

Which of the following is the first step in the issue management process? a. analysis of issues b. formulation of issue responses c. identification of issues d. ranking or prioritization of issues

identification of issues

Managers who are self-centered, and who intentionally do wrong are: a. immoral managers b. moral managers c. amoral managers d. extramoral managers

immoral managers

The questionable marketing plan which led to infant malnutrition was the: a. infant malnutrition program. b. infant formula controversy. c. formula advisory. d. formula advocacy.

infant formula controversy.

The stakeholder model has a(n) _____ because it is useful in portraying the relationship between the practice of stakeholder management and the resulting achievement of corporate performance goals. a. descriptive value b. explicatory value c. instrumental value d. normative value

instrumental value

Preventable risks are: a. risks taken to achieve greater returns. b. external risks that cannot be controlled. c. internal risks that offer no strategic benefits. d. risks that present no real potential for damage

internal risks that offer no strategic benefits.

_____ relates to middle managers exerting upward influence in organizations as they try to attract the attention of top managers to issues salient to them and the organization. a. Felt need b. Issue buying c. Issue selling d. Issue transition

issue of selling

The corporate citizenship concept starts with an emphasis on: a. jobs, profits, and taxes b. philanthropy and environmental protection c. stakeholder management d. sustainability

jobs, profits, and taxes

Regarding the ethics component of managerial decision-making, it is correct to say that: a. managerial decisions always include ethics. b. managerial decisions never include ethics. c. managerial decisions should be ethically neutral. d. managerial decisions should not be ethically neutral.

managerial decisions should not be ethically neutral

Which of the following is the second step in the issue development life cycle process? a. felt need b. leading political jurisdictions c. media coverage d. regulation and litigation

media coverage

The "good guys" are associated with which model of management ethics? a. amoral management b. immoral management c. moral management d. the Venn Model

moral management

Which of the following seeks to uncover, develop, and justify moral principles that are intended to guide behavior, actions, and decisions? a. conventional ethics b. descriptive ethics c. normative ethics d. principal ethics

normative ethics

The corporate social responsibility concept emphasizes: a. action and activity. b. action and outcomes. c. obligation and accountability. d. outcomes and results.

obligation and accountability.

Corporate social performance is depicted as an _____ variant of corporate social responsibility. a. action-oriented b. obligation-oriented c. operation-oriented d. outcome-oriented

outcome-oriented

At the _____ of stakeholder management capability, management must take the initiative in meeting stakeholders face to face and attempting to be responsive to their needs. a. method level b. process level c. rational level d. transactional level

transactional level

Which concept seeks to encapsulate for business the three key spheres of sustainability—economic, social, and environmental? a. bottom of the pyramid b. paternalism c. top-down d. triple bottom line

triple bottom line

Which of the following is a characteristic of an "emerging issue"? a. The terms of the debate are clearly defined. b. The issue is often stated in value-laden terms. c. The issue does not involve trade-offs of any kind. d. The issue can be automatically resolved by expert knowledge.

. The issue is often stated in value-laden terms

Which of the following is an example of a negative right? a. the right to education b. the right to food c. the right to health care d. the right to speak freely

the right to speak freely

_____ ethics is concerned with explaining, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. a. Conventional b. Descriptive c. Normative d. Positive

Descriptive

_____ is the use of body measurements, such as eye scans, fingerprints, or palm prints, for determining and confirming identity. a. Biometrics b. Ergonomics c. Genetic Engineering d. Phishing

Biometrics

_____ are identification tags that Web sites drop on our personal computer hard drives so they can recognize repeat visitors the next time we visit their Web sites. a. Applets b. Caches c. Cookies d. Spam

Cookies

One of the two major challenges facing MNCs is: a. achieving profitability in a foreign land. b. achieving corporate legitimacy in an unfamiliar society. c. combining the firms' way of doing business with that of those in a foreign land. d. the need for language translation in doing business.

achieving corporate legitimacy in an unfamiliar society.

Corporate social responsiveness is depicted as an _____ variant of corporate social responsibility. a. action-oriented b. effect-oriented c. obligation-oriented d. outcome-oriented

action-oriented

The terminology and concepts of corporate citizenship are particularly attractive to businesses because they: a. address the needs of customers and consumers. b. focus on expectations in the greater community. c. offer a way for businesses to conform to laws and address political pressures. d. affirm businesses' attempts to describe their own socially responsive activities and practices.

affirm businesses' attempts to describe their own socially responsive activities and practices.

Issue identification is also referred to as: a. social forecasting. b. public issues scanning. c. environmental scanning. d. all of these

all of these

The compliance strategy is consistent with the _____ model of management ethics. a. amoral b. immoral c. moral d. virtuous

amoral

A "risk" is: a. an event that has occurred. b. an issue that might occur. c. an issue that has occurred. d. a crisis that has occurred.

an issue that might occur.

Which of the following represents the greatest threat to data security for business today? a. artificial intelligence b. botnets c. natural disasters d. Wikis

botnets

Once the responsibilities of a firm towards its stakeholders have been assessed, the firm must next: a. contemplate opportunities and challenges presented by the stakeholders. b. contemplate strategies and actions for addressing its stakeholders. c. identify its stakeholders. d. identify the stakeholders' stakes

contemplate strategies and actions for addressing its stakeholders.

The _____approach to business ethics uses common sense to compare a decision, practice, or policy with prevailing norms of acceptability in society. a. conventional b. ethical c. legal d. principle

conventional

Which position holds that an MNC investing in a foreign country should set aside its home country's ethical standards and adopt the ethical standards of the host country? a. cultural determinism b. cultural relativism c. ethical imperialism d. ethical determinism

cultural relativism

In the traditional production view of the firm, owners considered ____ as stakeholders. a. customers and government b. customers and suppliers c. employees and communities d. employees and general public

customers and suppliers

Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative is a: a. consequential principle. b. deontological principle. c. teleological principle. d. utilitarian principle.

deontological principle.

The three values associated with the stakeholder model of the firm are: a. descriptive, instrumental, and normative values. b. descriptive, synthesis, and normative values. c. descriptive, multifiduciary, and normative values. d. descriptive, strategic, and normative values.

descriptive, instrumental, and normative values

Which of the following is the foundation upon which all others rest in the pyramid of corporate social responsibility? a. economic responsibilities b. ethical responsibilities c. legal responsibilities d. philanthropic responsibilities

economic responsibilities

Which of the following is usually an important priority for less-developed countries, which is different from the philosophy of Western industrialized nations? a. cultural relativism b. free trade and increased competition in domestic markets c. equitable income distribution d. creation of absolute advantage

equitable income distribution

Which position holds that an MNC should continue to follow its home country's ethical standards even while operating in another country? a. cultural determinism b. cultural relativism c. ethical determinism d. ethical imperialism

ethical imperialism

Si Simon Zadek has identified four ways in which firms respond to corporate social responsibility pressures. One of the approaches is the defensive approach that holds that: a. firms will use corporate social responsibility to understand the market place and enhance organizational learning. b. firms will do what they have to do to avoid pressure that makes them incur costs. c. firms will recognize the changing environment and engage with corporate social responsibility as a part of a deliberate emergent strategy. d. firms will undertake activities if they can identify direct benefits that exceed costs.

firms will do what they have to do to avoid pressure that makes them incur costs.

Using the Venn model for ethical decision making, when a decision, action, or practice fulfills economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities, the management prescription is to: a. go for it. b. proceed cautiously. c. proceed discreetly. d. try to find ways to make it economically viable.

go for it

When Schwan's Sales Enterprises, Inc., learned that their ice cream had been linked to cases of salmonella, the company successfully managed the crisis by: a. resuming business as usual. b. launching an ad campaign to remind consumers of its other, complaint-free products. c. halting production and inviting various health agencies to investigate. d. asking employees and managers to refrain from discussing the topic until more information was known.

halting production and inviting various health agencies to investigate.

Rombus, Inc. sells leather apparel in the U.S. that it manufactures in its facility in India. In the area where its factory is located in India, Rombus operates a free medical center, provides services like neighborhood improvement, and organizes programs for children and youth. These actions reflect the ____ component of social responsibility. a. economic b. ethical c. legal d. philanthropic

philanthropic

Which term refers to the technique used to lure computer users with convincing bait into revealing passwords and other private data? a. defragmenting b. phishing c. skimming d. stalking

phishing

The ______ approach to ethics is based on the idea that managers desire to anchor their decisions on ethical guidelines. a. amoral b. conventional c. principles d. relativist

principles

Which of the following is the warning stage of a crisis? a. acute crisis stage b. chronic crisis stage c. crisis resolution stage d. prodromal crisis stage

prodromal crisis stage

Which of the following is an example of a physical crisis that a company may face? a. cyberattacks b. exodus of key employees c. kidnapping d. product failure

product failure

Which of the following is considered the first level of stakeholder management capability? a. mechanism level b. process level c. rational level d. transactional level

rational level

In LDCs, when few government regulations exist, the temptation for MNCs is to: a. apply business standards from one's home country. b. apply business standards from one's professional organization. c. reduce business standards or avoid them altogether. d. improve business standards.

reduce business standards or avoid them altogether.

Which of the following are considered as primary social stakeholders? a. civic institutions b. government and regulators c. shareholders and investors d. social pressure groups

shareholders and investors

The primary element of the concept of "stakeholder corporation" is: a. stakeholder identification. b. stakeholder inclusiveness. c. stakeholder responsibility. d. stakeholder selection.

stakeholder inclusiveness.

Once a firm identifies its stakeholders, it has to next identify the: a. actions the firm should take to address the stakeholder challenges and opportunities. b. opportunities and challenges presented by the stakeholders. c. responsibilities the firm has towards its stakeholders. d. stakeholders' stakes.

stakeholders' stakes.

These entities are characterized by child labor, low pay, poor working conditions, worker exploitation, and health and safety violations. a. boiler rooms b. cheap factories c. progressive production facilities d. sweatshops

sweatshops

The principle of utilitarianism is a (an): a. aretaic principle. b. categorical principle. c. deontological principle. d. teleological principle.

teleological principle.

Which ethical test involves exposing your proposed actions to others and getting their thoughts on them? a. test of common sense b. test of making something public c. test of one's best self d. test of ventilation

test of ventilation

Studies indicate that _____ is the number one influence on unethical behavior in organizations. a. the behavior of one's peers b. the behavior of superiors c. industry ethics d. personal financial need

the behavior of superiors

Regarding genetically modified foods, it is correct to say that: a. genetically modified foods have been proven unsafe by scientific research. b. there are very few genetically modified foods available in the U.S. c. the biggest issue regarding genetically modified foods is the question of whether they should be labeled to indicate the modifications. d. the biggest supporter of genetically modified foods is the government.

the biggest issue regarding genetically modified foods is the question of whether they should be labeled to indicate the modifications.