BUSI 1301 Chapter 10

What two theories concentrate on managers' attitudes and assumptions about workers?

McGregor's Theory X McGregor's Theory Y

Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?

Scientific

Gen Xers seek economic security by doing what?

They focus on career security and change jobs to find it

Management of Objectives

a system of goals setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker

Characteristics of millennials include:

always having the internet in their world having been raised by indulgent parents having cell phones

List the generational cohorts from oldest to youngest

baby boomer generation x millennials generation z generation alpha

An employee that is part of Generation X is likely to

be more concerned with economic and career security

What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?

benefit the worker benefit the firm increase worker productivity

The key to successful employee empowerment is free-flowing ______ and information throughout the organization

communication

Taylor's method was to:

determine the one "best way" teach people the one best way to do their jobs study the most efficient way to do a task

Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the _____ of scientific management

father

Gen X managers understand that:

flexibility and consensus building work well results are more important than hours spent in the workplace there is more to life than work

Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ________ to solve problems and meet objectives

freedom

A culture that focuses on building personal relationships and trust before focusing on tasks in a _____ context culture.

high

Management by objectives that means managers:

include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated

According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A managment?

individual decision making rapid promotion

The elements of scientific management include:

method rules of work time

Herzberg studied the relationship between:

motivation and job-related factors

Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's _________ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.

motivators

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people

naturally like to work

Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:

no longer motivate

More people leave their jobs for:

opportunities to advance their careers

Equity theory states that employees:

perceptions of fairness affect motivation compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it

The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:

productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions

During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments:

researchers thought they had failed due to unexpected results productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions researchers realized there had to be another factory affecting productivity

The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of:

scientific management

According to Herzberg's study, what was listed by workers as the top 5 factors that create motivation instead of being dissatisfiers on the job?

sense of achievement earned recognition for a job

The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:

setting goals with the employee rewarding employee accomplishments

The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because

the findings were used to set standards and goals

Measuring the time and amount produced by different methods and tools when shoveling coal is an example of a

time motion study

Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are called

time-motion studies

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. What statements represent a Theory X manager's beliefs

workers are motivated by fear and punishment workers prefer to avoid responsibility

What researchers worked with Taylor

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Henry L. Gantt

The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by:

Frederick Herzberg

The Principles of Scientific Management was written by

Frederick Taylor

Which theory states that an individual will not forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward?

Expectancy Theory

According to Ouchi's Theory, Type ___ management is achievement oriented

A

The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditionals is at the heart of which motivation theory?

Drucker's goal-setting theory

Which theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?

Equity

Job enrichment is most closely related to:

Herzberg's higher-level motivators

Millennials generally don't remember a time without the

Internet