Business

One trick to finding out if information is categorical or quantitative is to analyze the answer to the question. Which of the following is TRUE:

If the answer to the question is numerical, then the information is quantitative. If the answer to the question is a characteristic, preference, etc., then the information is categorical.

Which of the following is the number that you get when you add all the data up and divide by how many numbers there are?

Mean

Which day was the coldest?

Monday

Sam wants to show how much of his sales come from families and college students when compared to all his sales. Which of the following charts/graphs should he use?

Pie chart

The bar chart shows the time taken for seven students to cover 75 meters. _____ was the fastest and _____ was the slowest.

Sarah; Fanny

When was the biggest change in temperature?

Saturday

You just took a survey asking people about their favorite class in school. After getting all the answers, you found that 10 people love English, 2 people love math, 3 people love history, and 12 love science. Order these subjects from most liked to least.

Science, English, History, Math

What is one difference between a histogram and a bar graph?

The histogram shows a range of numbers

Looking at the data listed under the Position variable, why would the Position variable be considered a nominal variable?

The label describes the position by name.

You decide to conduct a survey of families with two children. You are interested in counting the number of boys (out of 2 children) in each family. Is this a random variable, and if it is, what are all its possible values?

Yes, it is a random variable, and its values are 0, 1, or 2.

Why do different types of statistical models exist?

because there are many different types of variables and the models provide ways to analyze them

When you find a relationship in bivariate data, you are looking at a positive or a negative _____.

correlation

The _____ is a condition or piece of data in an experiment that is controlled or influenced by an outside factor, most often the independent variable.

dependent variable

Jim is studying how differences in the screen color of electronic devices make an impact on eye strain experienced by the user. In these experiments, which is the response variable and which is the explanatory variable.

the response variable is eye strain; the explanatory variable is screen color

An agency decides to conduct a survey on household incomes in their county. Let x = the household income. What type of variable is x?

x is a continuous random variable.

You decide to collect a bunch of cans of soda and measure the volume of soda in each can. Let x = the number of mL of soda in each can. What type of variable is x?

x is a continuous random variable.

What is the interval of this line graph?

10

From the following data, what is the mode, mean and median? 1, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 9, 10, 10, 10

10, 6.5, 6

Ten students participated in a chemistry test and their scores are depicted on the bar chart below. How many students received a 100 percent score on the test?

3

You just took a survey asking people about their favorite class in school. After getting all the answers, you found that 10 people love English, 2 people love math, 3 people love history, and 12 love science. What is the percentage of people that love English?

37%

Which of the following is NOT a property of a random variable?

A random variable cannot be negative.

What is central tendency?

A way of summarizing some data with a single number.

How are descriptive statistics used?

All of these

Which of the following is an example of a Cell Reference?

All of these are examples of a cell reference.

What was the temperature on Wednesday?

40 degrees

Which answer best describes a chart?

A chart is most commonly used to display comparisons.

A company wants to show how fast its cars can accelerate when compared with the competition. Which chart should it use to convey this information?

Bar chart

Katie is collecting data about the number of people that are interested in different dance styles. After passing out a survey, she has gathered the following information: Style / Number of people interested in this style Ballet / 20 Jazz /12 Hip Hop / 8 Lyrical / 26 Tap / 10 What type of data did Katie collect?

Categorical

Samantha is gathering information about how many calories the athletes on her team consume during game week. Which answer correctly indicates how the data should be analyzed for both categorical and quantitative research?

Categorical Data: 1,000-1,200 cal; 1,201-1,400 cal; 1,401-1,600 cal, etc. Quantitative Data: All individual caloric consumption amounts are collected.

What is data that is collected in groups or topics, where the number of events in each group is counted numerically?

Categorical data

Which day was the warmest?

Friday

What type of bar graph is shown below?

Grouped Bar Graph

What does Six Sigma refer to?

Having no more than 3.4 defects out of a million

Under which ribbon menu or tab will you find the chart type commands?

Insert

What is data that is grouped in evenly distributed values and measured based on the group to which the variable is attributed?

Interval Measurement

Experts indicate violent video games are a risk factor for aggressive behavior. Do you think it is important for young people to limit their time playing violent video games? This is an example of which type of question?

Leading question

KY Company sells pencils. The graph below shows the company's monthly profits during 2015. Which two months were profits the lowest?

March and June

Which two are examples of descriptive statistics?

Mean and standard deviation.

Which of the following is the number that appears in the middle of the data?

Median

The numbers on lacrosse jerseys are an example of _____ data.

Nominal

A coach records the levels of ability in martial arts of various kids. What type of data is this?

Ordinal

Looking at the chart of qualitative variables below, what type of variable is 'Education'?

Ordinal

What are two examples of inferential statistics?

Regression analysis and hypothesis testing.

A line graph is best used for which of the following data?

Sales over time

In this graph, which material is the cheapest?

Thread

Sheila is a baker experimenting with a cake recipe. Specifically, she is monitoring how changes in the volume of cream affect the moistness of the cake. What kind of variable is the volume of cream, and why?

it is an independent variable because it is a condition in the experiment that can be changed.

Questions that encourage the answer the researcher expects are known as _____ questions.

leading

One variable in a data set that is analyzed to describe a scenario or experiment is called _____

univariate

Variables are collected in the form of data. What are the two major forms of data?

categorical and quantitative

Looking at the data given for the Rating variable, what type of variable is being used?

A discrete variable

Which answer best describes a graph?

A graph is normally used to display trends over time.

A true/false survey question that limits the participant's response is an example of:

A limiting question.

What is the distinguishing mark of a line graph?

A line connecting dots.

What type of data uses two sets of variables that can change and are compared to find relationships?

Bivariate

There are several different types of charts in Excel. Which two are the most frequently used?

Column and bar

What is statistical estimation?

Methods for reducing errors in inferential statistics.

When data is visually displayed in a way that misleads from an accurate interpretation, what is it called?

Misleading graphs.

Which of the following is the number that appears most often?

Mode

Which is the type of computer software that limits the amount of computers on which it may be installed?

Proprietary

Looking at the chart of quantitative variables below, which variable is continuous?

Salary

What is the first step in creating a chart?

Select the data for the chart

In a survey, people on average responded that they floss seven times a week despite the fact that the actual averages are drastically lower. Which form of bias likely accounts for this discrepancy?

Social desirability

Sally Sue is filling out a survey about health and fitness. One question asks about her height and weight. She responds with her real height, but puts a weight that is ten pounds lighter than what she really weighs. What is this an example of, and why?

Social desirability, because Sally Sue is answering the question the way that she feels she should.

The language or set of rules that a formula fThe plus symbol (+) and the equal sign (=) are considered what part of a formula?ollows is called what?

Syntax

Using the chart of qualitative variables below, which variable is binary?

Tenure Track

COUNT, SUM and AVERAGE are all examples of what element in a formula?

The Function

You just took a survey asking people about their favorite class in school. After getting all the answers, you found that 10 people love English, 2 people love math, 3 people love history, and 12 love science. Please put this information in table form.

Class Result English 10 Math 2 History 3 Science 12

In statistics, a sample:

Is a set of data taken from the population to represent the population.

What is a mathematical comparison between two numbers?

Ratio

Why is it important to avoid a non-representative sample when conducting a survey?

The survey will reflect the characteristics only of the group that was sampled

What type of data is best suited to a composite bar graph?

sales data from multiple locations

Which of the following is not part of visual analytics?

tables

What type of data is best suited for a range bar graph?

temperature ranges or price ranges

Which of the following should a business use when it wants to compare several products with each other?

Column chart

How do descriptive and inferential statistics differ?

Descriptive statistics only attempt to describe data, while inferential statistics attempt to make predictions based on data.

What is an example of probability?

The likelihood that a product will be defective

What type of analysis involves looking for hidden relationships between groups?

Cross-tabulation analysis

Which of the following is an example of a piece of categorical data?

Ethnicity

What do we call a sample selected by a method that specifically excludes certain groups from the research, either intentionally or unintentionally?

Non-representative.

The plus symbol (+) and the equal sign (=) are considered what part of a formula?

The Operator

Why would a statistical model be used?

To predict what probably might happen

You conduct an experiment where you want to measure the number of rolls it takes to get two 6's in a row when you roll a fair six-sided die. State whether the random variable is discrete or continuous and give a summary of its values.

Discrete with values 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.

You just took a survey asking people about their favorite class in school. After getting all the answers, you found that 10 people love English, 2 people love math, 3 people love history, and 12 love science. What are the percentages for each class?

English 37% Math 7% History 11% Science 45%

After labeling the horizontal and vertical axes for my bar chart, what is the next step in creating a bar chart?

Evenly distribute the numerical values along the appropriate axis.

Tom is the owner of an ice cream cart and has graphed his sales for the past week based on the outside temperature. Identify the temperature where Tom will make a sales of more than $300.

75

A scientist is conducting an experiment on mice, seeing how their weight is affected by the volume of cheese they're given. What is the independent variable in this experiment, and why?

The volume of cheese is the independent variable, because it's being changed to measure the effect on weight.

What is the key problem with basic commercial packages?

They are not capable of calculating the statistical significance.

Why does some software calculate the sample size?

To calculate how many people are needed for the research results to be representative of the whole population

A political group invites people in the local communities to participate in a survey about prayer in schools. This is an example of:

Voluntary bias

What is information that is collected for analysis?

Data

There are 4 major elements of a formula. Characters, Operators and Cell References are three of them. What is the fourth element of a formula?

Functions

David wants to collect information about his friends and how many siblings they each have. David has eight friends. How should he collect this data? Why?

Quantitatively: Since David isn't dealing with a large amount of information, he can simply ask each friend and analyze the data quantitatively.

A condition or piece of data in an experiment that is controlled or influenced by an outside factor is considered what type of variable?

Dependent

A survey is handed out by loud volunteers on a street corner. Some people are suspicious of the volunteers and choose to not participate in the survey. This is an example of:

Nonresponse bias

What is a tool used in Six Sigma that graphs process changes over time?

Control chart