Business Chapter 10

Small businesses can motivate employees by:

-telling them their work is appreciated -giving employees small equity stakes -offering flexible schedules

What is the purpose of management by objectives?

-to engage all levels of the organization in goal setting and implementation -to reward the accomplishment of organization goals -to monitor the results of implementing goals

According to Ouchy's Theory, which of these elements are included in type a management?

-rapid promotion -individual decision-making

Moving workers from one task to the next to make more work interesting and motivating is called

job rotation

Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:

no longer motivate

More people leave their jobs for:

opportunities to advance their careers

An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers _____ work.

like

Job factors that cause employees to be productive and gives them satisfaction is the definition of a_______ according to Herzberg.

motivator

During the Hawthorne studies, researchers were baffled when ________ went up regardless of changed environmental conditions.

productivity

Taylor scientific Management became the dominant strategy for improving ______ in the early 20th century.

productivity

When UPS uses a stopwatch to do in time motion study of package delivery times, they are applying the principles of _____ management to the workplace.

scientific

The basic tools used in scientific management are:

- obserbation - stopwatch

Small businesses can motivate their workers without increasing costs by giving them:(Check all that apply)

-a collaborative work environment -stock options or equity stakes

According to the vroom's expectancy Theory, an employee asks which of the following questions before committing the maximum effort to a task? (check all that apply)

-can I accomplish the task? -is the rewards worth the effort? -if I accomplish the task, what is the reward?

Small businesses can motivate employees by

-telling them their work is appreciated -giving employees small equity stakes -offering flexible schedules

Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for management by objectives?

Dockers goal-setting Theory

The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?

Drucker's goal-setting theory

Frederick Taylor was called the _____ of scientific Management.

Father

The study that asked workers to rank a little job related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by:

Frederick Herzberg

Achieving increased productivity to the benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of:

Frederick Taylor

The ______ studies were inspired by the research of Frederick Taylor.

Hawthorne

The tendency of people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is the

Hawthorne effect

The Hawthorne studies were originally designed to study the relationship between:

Lighting and productivity

Which of the following is an example of time motion study?

Measuring the time and amount produced by different methods and tools when shoveling coal

Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a theory _____ manager.

X

Understanding motivation and global organizations is:

a new challenge for most firms

Vroom's expectancy theory states the:

amount of effort and employee exerts on a specific task depend on expectations of the outcome

A Gantt _____is used by managers to plot the work of employees.

chart

A Gantt_____ is used by management to pull out the work of employees.

chart

A type of_____used by managers to plot the work of employees in detail was developed by Henry Grant, who followed Taylor's principles.

chart

While not the motivators, the absence of certain factors from the job environment will cause________.

dissatisfaction

Giving employees the authority to make decisions and the tools to implement them is referred to as:

empowerment

Designing a more challenging job that has more motivating characteristics is job _______.

enlargement

Managers should try to avoid problems about _________ by ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance and that all employees clearly understand the basis for their pay and benefits.

equity

_______-________ theory, the basis of management by objectives developed by Peter Drucker in 1960s proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.

goal setting

The Hawthorne research shifted emphasis in workplace study from scientific Management study of motion economy to the study of ______ management.

human-based

________ ________ do not move people to action when present in the workplace.

hygiene factors

Management by objectives means that managers:

include employees in setting goals so the employees are self-motivated

According to Herzberg, which of the following motivates workers instead of being a hygiene factor?

interesting work

Combining tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment for a worker is called:

job enlargement

The motivation strategy that motivates workers through the job itself is:

job enrichment

Scientific Management viewed people as _____ to be programmed.

machines

A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called_____ ________ ________.

management by objectives

In a service environment, scientific management is demonstrated by breaking down the steps needed to perform the service, then timing a person delivering it to determine is economy of blank can be improved.

motion

In a service environment, scientific management is it demonstrated by breaking down the steps needed to perform the service, then timing a person delivering it to determine if economy of blank can be improved.

motion

Creating an upbeat, relaxed company culture help small businesses ______ their workers instead of using monetary incentives.

motivate

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide:

motivation

Employee involvement and group membership were two of the reasons employees gave as the reason for increased _______ during the Hawthorne studies.

motivation

Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to ___________.

motivation

Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to______.

motivation

The Hawthorne studies as compared to scientific management studies can be respectively described as:

motivation versus motion

According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a _______.

motivator

Males finding in the Hawthorne studies encourage researchers to study _____ factors in the workplace.

psychological

When implementing management by objectives it is a manager's responsibility to involve everyone, commit employee to the goals, monitor progress, and _______ accomplishments.

reward

The management by objectives system is most effective in _______ situations that allow long range planning.

stable

As lower-level needs are fulfilled in Maslow's hierarchy the higher level, unmet needs become

the motivators

The idea that every job could be broken down into a series of Elementary motions and analyzed to make it more efficient was the Gilbreth's:

theory of motion economy

Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the ________ needed for each is time motion study.

time

Basic elements of Taylor's scientific method.

time, method, rules of work

United postal service (UPS) has used Taylor's method of _____ to create work rules for their drivers.

time-motion studies

True or False: The study of management principles did not have any lasting implications until the early 20th century.

true

Companies can minimize the perception of unfairness in the workplace by having clear and frequent communication:

with all employees

Which of the following are included in Maslow hierarchy of needs?

-safety -social -physiological

Select assumptions made by Theory X managers about people.

-people are motivated to avoid punishment. -people prefer to avoid work. -people must be controlled and forced to work.

List the steps a manager should take to implement Expectancy Theory. Start with the first step on the top.

1. determine what rewards employees value 2. determine each employee's desired performance standard 3. ensure that performance standards are attainable 4. guarantee rewards tied to performance 5. Pizza and Time please consider the rewards adequate

The theory that workers social and psychological attitudes affected productivity was first identified in the ______ _________.

Hawthorne studies

To which part of the theories is job enrichment most closely related?

Herzberg's higher-level motivators

The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is a principle of

scientific management

According to Herzberg, hygiene (maintenance) factors at work would include:

-good working conditions -job security

In the world of global business it is important to develop group leaders who are:

-flexible -culturally astute -able to deal with ambiguity

Unlike scientific Management, the Hawthorne studies found that employee productivity was more affected by:

-feeling respected - participating in decision-making

Unlike scientific Management, the Hawthorne studies found that employee productivity was more affected by:

-participating in decision-making -feeling respected

Unlike scientific Management, the Hawthorne studies found that employees productivity was more affected by:

-participating in decision-making -feeling respected

In a manufacturing environment, scientific management is demonstrated by doing time motion studies of the steps in an assembly process to determine if _____ can be gained by adjusting the way the steps are performed.

efficiency

companies can minimize the perception of unfairness in the workplace by having clear and frequent communication:

with all employees