Business Chapter 10
Small businesses can motivate employees by:
-telling them their work is appreciated -giving employees small equity stakes -offering flexible schedules
What is the purpose of management by objectives?
-to engage all levels of the organization in goal setting and implementation -to reward the accomplishment of organization goals -to monitor the results of implementing goals
According to Ouchy's Theory, which of these elements are included in type a management?
-rapid promotion -individual decision-making
Moving workers from one task to the next to make more work interesting and motivating is called
job rotation
Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:
no longer motivate
More people leave their jobs for:
opportunities to advance their careers
An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers _____ work.
like
Job factors that cause employees to be productive and gives them satisfaction is the definition of a_______ according to Herzberg.
motivator
During the Hawthorne studies, researchers were baffled when ________ went up regardless of changed environmental conditions.
productivity
Taylor scientific Management became the dominant strategy for improving ______ in the early 20th century.
productivity
When UPS uses a stopwatch to do in time motion study of package delivery times, they are applying the principles of _____ management to the workplace.
scientific
The basic tools used in scientific management are:
- obserbation - stopwatch
Small businesses can motivate their workers without increasing costs by giving them:(Check all that apply)
-a collaborative work environment -stock options or equity stakes
According to the vroom's expectancy Theory, an employee asks which of the following questions before committing the maximum effort to a task? (check all that apply)
-can I accomplish the task? -is the rewards worth the effort? -if I accomplish the task, what is the reward?
Small businesses can motivate employees by
-telling them their work is appreciated -giving employees small equity stakes -offering flexible schedules
Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for management by objectives?
Dockers goal-setting Theory
The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?
Drucker's goal-setting theory
Frederick Taylor was called the _____ of scientific Management.
Father
The study that asked workers to rank a little job related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by:
Frederick Herzberg
Achieving increased productivity to the benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of:
Frederick Taylor
The ______ studies were inspired by the research of Frederick Taylor.
Hawthorne
The tendency of people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is the
Hawthorne effect
The Hawthorne studies were originally designed to study the relationship between:
Lighting and productivity
Which of the following is an example of time motion study?
Measuring the time and amount produced by different methods and tools when shoveling coal
Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a theory _____ manager.
X
Understanding motivation and global organizations is:
a new challenge for most firms
Vroom's expectancy theory states the:
amount of effort and employee exerts on a specific task depend on expectations of the outcome
A Gantt _____is used by managers to plot the work of employees.
chart
A Gantt_____ is used by management to pull out the work of employees.
chart
A type of_____used by managers to plot the work of employees in detail was developed by Henry Grant, who followed Taylor's principles.
chart
While not the motivators, the absence of certain factors from the job environment will cause________.
dissatisfaction
Giving employees the authority to make decisions and the tools to implement them is referred to as:
empowerment
Designing a more challenging job that has more motivating characteristics is job _______.
enlargement
Managers should try to avoid problems about _________ by ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance and that all employees clearly understand the basis for their pay and benefits.
equity
_______-________ theory, the basis of management by objectives developed by Peter Drucker in 1960s proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.
goal setting
The Hawthorne research shifted emphasis in workplace study from scientific Management study of motion economy to the study of ______ management.
human-based
________ ________ do not move people to action when present in the workplace.
hygiene factors
Management by objectives means that managers:
include employees in setting goals so the employees are self-motivated
According to Herzberg, which of the following motivates workers instead of being a hygiene factor?
interesting work
Combining tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment for a worker is called:
job enlargement
The motivation strategy that motivates workers through the job itself is:
job enrichment
Scientific Management viewed people as _____ to be programmed.
machines
A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called_____ ________ ________.
management by objectives
In a service environment, scientific management is demonstrated by breaking down the steps needed to perform the service, then timing a person delivering it to determine is economy of blank can be improved.
motion
In a service environment, scientific management is it demonstrated by breaking down the steps needed to perform the service, then timing a person delivering it to determine if economy of blank can be improved.
motion
Creating an upbeat, relaxed company culture help small businesses ______ their workers instead of using monetary incentives.
motivate
According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide:
motivation
Employee involvement and group membership were two of the reasons employees gave as the reason for increased _______ during the Hawthorne studies.
motivation
Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to ___________.
motivation
Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to______.
motivation
The Hawthorne studies as compared to scientific management studies can be respectively described as:
motivation versus motion
According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a _______.
motivator
Males finding in the Hawthorne studies encourage researchers to study _____ factors in the workplace.
psychological
When implementing management by objectives it is a manager's responsibility to involve everyone, commit employee to the goals, monitor progress, and _______ accomplishments.
reward
The management by objectives system is most effective in _______ situations that allow long range planning.
stable
As lower-level needs are fulfilled in Maslow's hierarchy the higher level, unmet needs become
the motivators
The idea that every job could be broken down into a series of Elementary motions and analyzed to make it more efficient was the Gilbreth's:
theory of motion economy
Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the ________ needed for each is time motion study.
time
Basic elements of Taylor's scientific method.
time, method, rules of work
United postal service (UPS) has used Taylor's method of _____ to create work rules for their drivers.
time-motion studies
True or False: The study of management principles did not have any lasting implications until the early 20th century.
true
Companies can minimize the perception of unfairness in the workplace by having clear and frequent communication:
with all employees
Which of the following are included in Maslow hierarchy of needs?
-safety -social -physiological
Select assumptions made by Theory X managers about people.
-people are motivated to avoid punishment. -people prefer to avoid work. -people must be controlled and forced to work.
List the steps a manager should take to implement Expectancy Theory. Start with the first step on the top.
1. determine what rewards employees value 2. determine each employee's desired performance standard 3. ensure that performance standards are attainable 4. guarantee rewards tied to performance 5. Pizza and Time please consider the rewards adequate
The theory that workers social and psychological attitudes affected productivity was first identified in the ______ _________.
Hawthorne studies
To which part of the theories is job enrichment most closely related?
Herzberg's higher-level motivators
The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is a principle of
scientific management
According to Herzberg, hygiene (maintenance) factors at work would include:
-good working conditions -job security
In the world of global business it is important to develop group leaders who are:
-flexible -culturally astute -able to deal with ambiguity
Unlike scientific Management, the Hawthorne studies found that employee productivity was more affected by:
-feeling respected - participating in decision-making
Unlike scientific Management, the Hawthorne studies found that employee productivity was more affected by:
-participating in decision-making -feeling respected
Unlike scientific Management, the Hawthorne studies found that employees productivity was more affected by:
-participating in decision-making -feeling respected
In a manufacturing environment, scientific management is demonstrated by doing time motion studies of the steps in an assembly process to determine if _____ can be gained by adjusting the way the steps are performed.
efficiency
companies can minimize the perception of unfairness in the workplace by having clear and frequent communication:
with all employees