BYUI GEOG 120 Exam 2 (Europe-Oceania)

How many countries make up the European Union (EU)?

28

Which of the following is NOT one of the four seas that encircle Europe?

Caspian Sea

Besides the division between western and eastern churches, the other great split within Christianity occurred between

Catholicism and Protestantism.

According to the graphic below, which of the following are the two language subfamilies found in the British Isles?

Celtic and Germanic

Where were most of Russia's major territorial gains in the nineteenth century?

Central Asia

Which country has the highest population in East Asia?

China

Which of the following does NOT explain the origin of the European Union?

Each country built its own iron and steel facilities, ensuring effective competition.

Europe's new lingua franca is

English

What is the primary reason why European Russia has a higher population than Asian Russia?

European Russia is better suited for agriculture.

Where do most immigrants to France come from?

France's former colonies in Africa

Which country of Europe has the region's largest numbers of Muslims?

Germany

What small British territory guards the narrow strait between Africa and Europe?

Gibraltar

What was the Russian policy enacted during the 1980s that meant for "greater openness"?

Glasnost

During the Soviet era, which place served as a repository for political dissidents and troublemakers?

Gulag Archipelago

Despite its northerly location (high latitude), western Europe has a warmer climate than regions at comparable latitudes. What accounts for this?

Gulf Stream

The Shinto religion is most closely associated with which country of East Asia?

Japan

What country in East Asia is facing a population decline?

Japan

The doctrine of communism was based on the writings of

Karl Marx.

Which body of water in the Russian Domain is the world's largest reserve of freshwater?

Lake Baikal

Followers of which religion in Central Asia suffered brutal persecution when China invaded Tibet?

Lamaist Buddhism

What makes Russia distinctive?

It has the largest land area of any country on Earth.

What is the primary reason for the shrinking of the Aral Sea?

Large-scale irrigation projects implemented by the Soviets in the 1950s have diverted water from the two rivers that feed the sea.

Who was the main architect of the Soviet Union?

Lenin

Which European Romance language contains many Slavic words?

Romanian

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, what has become of the policy of Russification within former Soviet republics?

Russification has been reversed, where greater numbers of Russians are encouraged to leave these regions.

The northern subregion of Europe is also known as

Scandinavia

Benefits of family-friendly policies include all of the following EXCEPT

fully paid nanny services using immigrant labor.

Most average Russians living in the city live in what kind of housing?

in a high rise apartment

Most of Italy's older industrial areas can be found

in the Po River Valley.

What is the word for a state policy of reclaiming lost lands or lands inhabited by people of the same ethnicity in another state?

irredentism

The Dalai Lama

is the religious and political leader of Tibet.

Of the former Yugoslav republics, only ________ has actually achieved membership in the EU, although all Balkan countries have begun the lengthy and complex EU membership process.

Slovenia

What Russian city was known as Leningrad during the Soviet era?

St. Petersburg

On a per capita basis, what two countries granted asylum to the largest number of migrants

Sweden and Norway

What is the name of the ultra orthodox Islamic group that was in power in Afghanistan until the United States military intervened in fall of 2001?

Taliban

The New Silk Road attempts to do all of the following EXCEPT

link China and Central Asia to markets in North America.

What is the current status of Lamaist Buddhism with respect to China?

The Chinese have allowed many Buddhist monasteries to open, but their activities remain limited.

What is one of the sources of the nuclear threat in the Russian Domain?

The Soviet Union had aggressive nuclear weapons and energy programs.

What was the policy of the former Soviet Union (USSR) regarding religion within its borders?

The USSR discouraged all religion and even persecuted religious practice.

How does the environment of Eastern Europe compare to that of Western Europe?

The environment in Eastern Europe was much more polluted than that of Western Europe, until recent efforts to rectify the situation, with the help of the European Union.

Why have many European countries encouraged immigration of foreign populations into their borders in the recent past?

They were experiencing low or negative growth, and needed immigrants to fill gaps in their labor force.

Which urban region is considered a superconurbation otherwise known as a megalopolis?

Tokyo, Japan

The ideal of a democractic nation-state arose in Europe. (True/False)

True

Germany's population includes a large number of guest workers (and their descendants) from which country of Southwest Asia and North Africa?

Turkey

Which part of the Russian Domain has historically provided the most productive agricultural areas of the region?

Ukraine

What is NOT a reason for the ongoing crisis in Ukraine?

Ukraine gave its nuclear weapons to Western powers.

Why is development in Siberia limited?

Unstable ground resulting from permafrost makes it extremely difficult to place permanent structures on the land surface.

What natural feature marks the divide between European Russia and Asian Russia?

Ural Mountains

What country is the fourth‐largest cotton exporter?

Uzbekistan

The architecture of St. Petersburg, Russia, is similar to that of which other part of the world?

Western Europe

The Three Gorges Dam is being constructed on which river in China?

Yangtze

Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia were part of the former

Yugoslavia

Who were the Bolsheviks?

a faction of Russian communism representing interests of industrial workers, who established the former Soviet Union

Which of the following is NOT a source of Europe's environmental problems?

a major nuclear accident in 1994

What does the term "Russification" mean?

a policy of resettling Russians into non-Russian portions of the Soviet Union

The term ________ is used to describe the geopolitical processes of small scale independence movements based upon ethnic fault lines.

balkanization

How does China generate most of its electricity?

burning coal

Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to Central Asia?

densely populated

What is NOT an environmental issue in the Russian Domain?

desertification

China has invested $6 billion in Tajikistan. The authors fear what outcome?

economic domination of Tajikistan by China

The Trans-Siberian Railroad

ends at the port city of Vladivostok.

What characterizes Shinto religion?

nature and harmony and its connections with human existence

What livelihood is ʺthe only feasible way of life on the Tibetan plateau,ʺ according to the authors of your textbook?

nomadic pastoralism based on the yak

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, which of the following groups of people would be least likely to emigrate from the Russian Domain?

older, less educated Russians.

What has been the pattern of population growth in the Russian Domain since the demise of the USSR?

persistently declining population

What transportation technology must be constructed before the oil wealth of Central Asia can become economically viable?

pipelines

Which of the following is the primary source of pollution damaging Russia's Lake Baikal?

pollution from pulp and paper factories

What geographic factor explains the locations of the older industrial areas of Europe?

raw materials

Which of the following is a characteristic of the demography of Russia today?

relatively high mortality rates among middle-aged males

What is perestroika?

restructuring of the planned centralized economy, an early move toward a freer market

What are the primary characteristics of a high-latitude continental climate, as illustrated by the Russian Domain?

seasonal temperature extremes and short growing season

How long has Afghanistan been at war?

since the late 1970s

Most of Central Asiaʹs oil reserves are found near which physical feature of Central Asia?

the Caspian Sea

Which two countries were the primary rivals in the Cold War?

the United States and the Soviet Union

What group founded the Taliban?

young Muslim religious students in Afghanistan

Immigrant refugees seeking political amnesty mainly come from all of these countries EXCEPT

Israel

Which Central Asian country had been engaged in a civil war that was brought to a head by the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks?

Afghanistan

Which of the following statements with respect to Afghanistanʹs birthrate is most accurate?

Afghanistan, the least‐developed and most male dominated country of the region, has the highest birthrate by a substantial margin.

What happened to the economy in the Russian Domain after the demise of the former Soviet Union (USSR)?

After a decade of political and economic instability, Russia has made impressive progress in the 21st century.

When Central Asia has been under the communist rule of China, the Soviet Union, and Mongolia, what has happened to religion?

All forms of religion were discouraged.

Which statement is TRUE about Islam in Central Asia?

All of these answer choices are true. (Radical Islamic fundamentalism has emerged in regions, Most of the regionʹs Muslims are Sunnis, Islam has served as a focus of social identity in Xinjiang, The Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs are considered to be more relaxed about religious beliefs. )

What are some successes in halting the desertification of Inner Mongolia?

All of these are examples of how desertification has been halted. (using a mesh of wheat straw to stabilize sand while new vegetation establishes itself, planting drought-adapted shrubs, planting licorice in the Hobq Desert, growing thick vegetation borders to stop the sand dune sprawl )

What mountain range in Europe is over 500 miles long and has peaks reaching 15,000 feet?

Alps

What Central Asian body of water devolved into a major environmental disaster in the late 20th century?

Aral Sea

In which country of Central Asia is the Gobi Desert found?

Mongolia

The Russian Empire had its origins as a small principality in the vicinity of which Russian city?

Moscow

What do the letters in NATO stand for?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

In which country of Europe has conflict between Catholics and Protestants been a problem?

Northern Ireland

During the Soviet era, the Soviet Union nuclear weapons program conducted many tests and produced much radioactive waste. Where did Russia dump the waste?

Novaya Zemlya

Which of the following statements best reflects religion in the post-Soviet era?

There has been a religious revival.

What has become of democracy in Russia in the post-Soviet era?

There was a general flowering of democracy followed by a reduction of civil liberties since 2002.

Why do Japan and South Korea import so much meat, wheat, lumber and pulp?

These countries have limited space to produce these products so must import them.

Problems associated with the construction of the Three Gorges Dam include all the following EXCEPT

the diversion of two other major rivers to fill the Three Gorges reservoir.

What is the currency of the European Monetary Union?

the euro

Probably the most striking characteristic of Europe's demography is

the lack of natural growth.

What is the one element that helps us to understand geographies of climate, vegetation, and agriculture in the Russian Domain?

the northern latitudinal position of the Russian Domain

The highest population densities in the Russian Domain are found in which part of the region?

the southeastern part of the region

What was the purpose of Russification (the Soviet policy of resettling Russians into non-Russian portions of the former USSR)?

to increase Russian dominance in outlying portions of the former USSR

Eastward movement of Russians into Siberia

was encouraged by Russian leaders, including the Tsars and the authoritarian leaders under the Soviet Union.

Urbanization in the Russian region

was often planned in detail during the Soviet period.