c 9

Which of the following represents a typical response when people are asked why they had children?

"I was young, but I was ready."

In 2008, what percentage of pregnancies resulted in abortion?

18

When did the term parenting become popular?

1970s

On average, American families have how many children?

2

What percentage of children live with a cohabiting parent at some point in their lives?

40

What percentage of all pregnancies are identified as "unintended"?

50 percent

In the 1980s, more than 80 percent of parents agreed that spanking was sometimes necessary. In 2012, what percentage agreed?

71

How have adoption patterns in the United States shifted over the past half-century?

Adoption has become less common, but it is more open and acceptable.

In the early part of the twentieth century, it was incredibly dangerous to be a child, with almost 200 children killed in New York City streets in 1911. In 2009, only 14 children were killed in motor vehicle accidents in New York City, despite the growing population. What does this mean sociologically?

American children lost their economic value and achieved a new emotional value.

What is one reason women with lower education levels tend to have more children?

Childrearing threatens higher incomes and career status.

The largest number of international adoptions came from which countries?

China, Russia, South Korea, and Guatemala

When Arturo found out he was adopted, his peers teased him, saying that his real parents didn't care about him. Arturo has met his birth parents, and following research trends, how is Arturo likely to respond?

He will know that his birth parents gave him up for adoption for his own good.

Jackson, age 10, just received his first cellular phone. What does this mean in relation to his parents?

His parents will be more likely to know what he is doing.

Why has infertility been a source of stigma for women?

It has been used to justify men's infidelity.

What is one typical example that demonstrates how parents plan their births around their economic circumstances?

Joyce, a 25-year-old, waited to have children until after the economic recession.

Barbara is a 35-year-old executive at a banking firm. What is the opportunity cost of her decision to have children?

She risks halting or losing her stature within the company or industry.

The relatively high fertility rate among Latinos partly explains the growth of their population in the country as a whole. What is one of the reasons for this pattern?

The Latino population includes many young, healthy adults.

Within the broader growing trend of single parenthood, what is one way people become single parents?

Young adults, either alone or with a partner, are not ready to marry.

Falling rates of abortion may be due in part to which trend?

attacks on abortion providers

In part because of the legal, technological, or financial obstacles they must overcome to have children, same-sex couples have been shown to

be unusually committed to parenting.

The greatest expenses in raising children tend to come from

child care and education

When Ellen DeGeneres and Portia de Rossi were considering having a child, references to them "starting a family" indicated that

childless couples somehow add up to less than a family.

The decline in international adoptions was part of a worldwide trend in which the act was

closely scrutinized for ethical and legal violations.

In 2010 the number of childless adults aged 25 to 40 reached 48 percent, indicating what?

growing numbers of childless adults

Emily, a 25-year-old white woman, just found out she is infertile. What is one factor that may have led to her infertility?

her history of sexually transmitted infections

Until the 1960s, the male provider ideal was the dominant conception of what a father should be. The current dominant American ideal is the

involved father

A very small fraction of children (less than 1 percent)

live in the care of same-sex couples.

When Jose was looking for a job, his father Jesus was able to get him an interview at a friend's company. Which category of skill or resource was Jesus providing to Jose?

social networks

Parents try to provide which three broad categories of skills or resources to their children?

socialization, social bonds, and social network

Many adults influence the life of a child. The adults who have the most direct influence are

those who live with them