Cannabis, Tobacco, and Vaping Final

What can reduce withdrawal symptoms of cannabis?

THC or other agonist no effect on relapse reduces withdrawal symptoms

Which treatment would you expect to show the most efficacy in the treatment of Huntington's disease? THC CBD THC:CBD

THC:CBD

Mechanism of CBD blocking pain

TRPV1 May block TNFa secretion (causes inflammation)

What causes tolerance in long-term use?

desensitization and downregulation

FAAH inhibitor trial

did not work no observation of reduced pain osteoarthritis pain is spontaneous pain

What system in activated from rewarding drugs?

dopamine system

Nociceptive Pain

due to tissue damage (arthritis)

What neurotransmitter do CB1 agonists decrease? What mediates this?

glutamate; COX2

Based on our current understanding, does CBD prevent seizures through its effects on glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons? glutamatergic GABAergic

glutamatergic

Do CB1 agonists increase or decrease ghrelin?

increase

Do FAAH inhibitors show an increase or decrease of weight in animal models?

increase

Do endocannabinoids increase or decrease during fasting?

increase

Rimonabant would be expected to ________ levels of melanocortin. increase decrease

increase

Would THC be expected to increase or decrease the measured time in a mouse tail-flick experiment? increase decrease

increase

In general, it appears that cannabis use _________ depressive symptoms. increases decreases

increases

Neuropeptide Y ________ appetite. increases decreases

increases

THC is equivalent to current ________ blockers for nausea and vomiting.

serotonin

Are high or low doses of THC expected to cause a larger reward response? high low

low

How much THC is required to give in an anti-emetic effect? high low

low

A cigarette smoker that has successfully quit smoking begins smoking marijuana. Does the make them more or less likely to restart smoking cigarettes? more likely less likely

more likely

Ghrelin

recognizes absence of food maintains CB1 receptors (wont stimulate but keeps it from decreasing)

Ajulmec acid

synthetic analog of THC metabolite cant cross BBB

Which statement best describes the physiological role of the endocannabinoid system in learning extinction? activation of the CB1 receptor increases learning extinction activation of the CB1 receptor decreases learning extinction blockade of the CB1 receptor increases learning extinction blockade of the CB1 receptor decreases learning extinction

Activation of the CB1 receptor increases learning extinction

A patient successfully uses regular, moderate consumption of CBD containing beverages to control general anxiety. This is most likely due to its ___________. inhibition of GABAergic neurons inhibition of glutamatergic neurons activation of TRPV1 receptors activation of the serotonin receptor

Activation of the serotonin receptor

With which current analgesic would cannabis show a synergistic effect? Aspirin Ibuprofen Ketamine Fentanyl Ice

Fentanyl

THCs pro-convulsant effects are most likely mediated through which type of neuron? GABAergic Glutamatergic

GABAergic

Chemo

Give mouse chemo to mimic neuropathic pain

Cannabis may be useful in the treatment of strokes by preventing neuron death caused by which mechanisms? Select all that apply. Ischemia Inflammation Excitotoxicity Autoimmune

Ischemia Inflammation Excitotoxicity

Is THC effective as an analgesic?

yes

Is cannabis addictive? yes no

yes

With our current knowledge, can cannabis be used to reduce psychotic symptoms? yes no we cannot tell with certainty

yes

You work for a company that has a strict "no-drugs" policy. A person that you are in the process of hiring takes a drug test that comes back positive for marijuana. They tell you that they have not consumed any form of cannabis or THC in the past few weeks. Is it possible that they are telling truth? yes no

yes

Does cannabis activate opioid system?

yes lessens withdrawal symptoms cannabis safer than opioids

With our current knowledge, does cannabis cause acute psychosis? yes no we cannot tell with certainty

yes (also well documented in persisten psychosis)

Cholecystokinin

tells us we are full decreases CB1 expression

In which region of the brain would you expect to see the effects of CB1 on the memory? The cortex (outside) the center the cerebellum the brain stem

the center

In what year did marijuana become outlawed at the federal level for all uses? 1961 1971 1972 2018

1971

Cannabinol

partial agonist less psychoactive than THC increases feeding in rats

For which source of pain would CBD be least effective as a single-agent therapy? A sprained ankle that still hurts a week after an accident multiple sclerosis patient in the ER with a gunshot wound

patient in ER with gunshot wound

From which source of pain would a CB2 agonist be least effective as a single-agent therapy? A sprained ankle that still hurts a week after an accident multiple sclerosis patient in the ER with a gunshot wound

patient in ER with gunshot wound

Endocannabinoids are primarily produced in ___________ neurons. presynaptic postsynaptic

postsynaptic

CB1 receptors are primarily found on ____________ neurons. presynaptic postsynaptic

presynaptic

Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)

pure CB1 agonist similar effect to rimonabant no experimental evidence

For someone who has never smoked THC, how long will it remain in the body?

up to 2-5 days

What form of administration reduces toxin formation?

vaporizing

With our current knowledge, does cannabis use in adolescence cause adult psychosis? yes no we cannot tell with certainty

we cannot tell with certainty

With our current knowledge, does CBD use in adolescent appear to cause depression in adults? increase decrease we cannot tell with certainty

we cannot tell with certainty results are varied evidence of shared genetic predisposition

Which compound appears to be the primary endocannabinoid responsible for the reduction of nausea once it has occured? AEA 2-AG

2-AG

Which endocannabinoid exerts the largest control in the human body AEA 2-AG Vorodhamine Noladin ether

2-AG

Administration of which dose would be most likely to increase acute vomiting (ignore hyperemesis)? 1mg/kg THC 200mg/kg THC 1mg/kg CBD 200mg/kg CBD

200mg/kg CBD

Inhibition of FAAH causes an increase in which endocannabinoid?

AEA

Movement between states of normalcy and acute stress is controlled by the levels of which endocannabinoid? AEA 2-AG

AEA

What polymorphism can predispose individuals to the side effects of psychosis?

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (mixed evidence of polymorphism link in persistent psychosis)

The reward system received from eating is primarily dependent on which endocannabinoid receptor? CB1 CB2 TRPV1 GPR55

CB1

Which endocannabinoid receptor is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis? CB1 CB2 TRPV1 GPR55

CB1

Which mice group showed increased object memory?

CB1 -/-

Based on our current knowledge, which would work best as an anti-emetic? CB1 agonist CB2 agonist CB1 antagonist CB2 antagonist

CB1 agonist

Which drug would be the most likely to show positive effect in the treatment of MS? CB1 agonist CB2 agonist CB1 antagonist CN2 antagonist

CB1 agonist

AM1710

CB2 agonist reduces neuropathic pain reduces TNFa no tolerance built

What is the composition of Epidiolex? THC CBD THC:CBD Cannabis extract

CBD

What can reverse psychosis caused by THC?

CBD (works better than FDA approved Amisulpride and safer)

What can block the effect of CBD?

CBG (cannabigerol)

Drugs that increase the expression of which class of drug metabolizing enzymes would be expected to decrease the half-life of THC in the body of users? SULTs GSTs UGTs MTs CYPs

CYPs

THCs effect on which intracellular molecule/ion has the most direct neuroprotective effect? Glutamate GABA Na+ K+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Does cannabis cause psychosis or does psychosis increase use of cannabis?

Can't tell cannabis users increase risk of developing psychosis later psychosis seems to increase risk of later cannabis use

What happens when endocannabinoids are overproduced and CB1 is overexpressed?

Constant increase in hunger

THC metabolites are primarily eliminated from the body through which process? Exhalation Urination Sweating Coughing Defecation

Defecation

_______ inhibitors increase AEA brain concentraion.

FAAH

Role of FAAH in pain management

FAAH inhibitors block acute and chronic pain FAAH deficient mics are less sensitive to pain No tolerance to inhibition Full FAAH inhibition and partial MAGL inhibition give analgesic effect

What process requires the CB1 receptor? Homeostatic Hedonistic

Hedonistic

Which term refers to the vegetative portion of a cannabis plant from a strain containing low levels of THC? Marijuana Hemp Hashish CBD

Hemp

Does HPA activity increase or decrease in infrequent users? Chronic users?

Increase; does not increase in chronic users but elevated basal activity

How does THC in adolescence effect adult depression?

Increases adult depression Downregulates CB1 receptors from incorrect development of CNS Positive allosteric modulator of CB1 rescues and reduces depression

Endocannabinoids most directly reduce the expression of which hormone? Neuropeptide Y Leptin Melanocortin

Leptin

What does leptin, Neuropeptide Y, and melanocortin do to appetite?

Leptin= decrease appetite Melanocortin= decrease appetite Neuropeptide Y= increase in appetite

What dose of THC was rewarding and what was aversive?

Low= rewarding High= aversive metabolism inhibitors not rewarding either

______ inhibitors increase 2-AG.

MAGL

Role of MAGL in pain management

MAGL inhibitors block acute and chronic pain Tolerance to MAGL inhibition

CBD

Mixed results Possible reduction in feeding if administered shorty before food

COMPASS study

One group of patients self-dosed other group continued normal treatment cannabis users reported significant decrease in pain no difference in severe adverse events

What CB1 antagonist can block opioid signaling?

Rimonabant

What drug increases olfactory and spatial memory in mice?

Rimonabant

How do endocannabinoids activate dopamine?

activates dopamine indirectly through inhibition of glutamate and GABA

Plantar test

arthritis inject irritant into paw to cause inflammation

THCA and CBDA

both more potent than their follower at reducing nausea and vomiting

What type of pain is the CB2 receptor involved in? acute chronic

chronic

Which experiment showed no effect?

delayed matching (light/lever experiment)

Which cannabinoids are psychoactive? Select all that apply delta9-THC-acid delta9-THC CBD CBD-acid

delta9-THC

Neuropathic

damage to nervous system (MS)

Activation of the CB1 receptor causes a(n) __________ in the production of cAMP. increase decrease

decrease

Do FAAH/MAGL inhibitors increase or decrease acute and anticipatory nausea?

decrease

Do THCV and CBDV increase or decrease nausea?

decrease

Is THC expected to increase or decrease short-term memory? increase decrease

decrease

Would aspirin, a COX inhibitor, increase or decrease the effects of THC?

decrease

Are AEA levels increased or decreased after anesthesia?

decreased

A patient successfully uses intermittent THC consumption to control panic attacks. This is most likely due to its _________. inhibition of GABAergic neurons inhibition of glutamatergic neurons activation of TRPV1 receptors activation of the serotonin receptor

inhibition of glutamatergic neurons

You take a blood sample from a long-term epilepsy patient immediately following a seizure. What levels of endocannabinoids do you expect to find? elevated reduced normal

normal

What type of pain is CBD better for?

not effective for acute pain but very effective for inflammatory and neuropathic chronic pain

Where in the body are endocannabinoids stored? Presynaptic vesicles Pituitary gland Nucleus acumbens Peripheral neurons They are not stored in the body

they are not stored in the body

A physician aims to reduce nausea in a patient using CBDA. Which route of administration of cannabis are they most likely to prescribe? smoking vaporization tincture topical

tincture