Careers in Psychology

What are the Seven C's of ethics? Provide an explanation of each. DO NOT copy/paste from the text.

What are the Seven C's of ethics? Provide an explanation of each. DO NOT copy/paste from the text. The seven "Cs" by Handelsman are: Competence: the psychologist should be competent in what they do. They need to keep up to date in any changes in the field and have an understanding of diverse topics. Confidentiality: Cannot disclose any personal information about the clients unless its necessary Conflict of interest: Be self aware and avoid conflict between harmful dual-role relationships. Consent: The patient needs to have all the information necessary to make a decision. Character: Not only follow the rules but be thoughtful. Consultation: Asking advice from more experienced people when you are stuck. Don't let your own ego get in the way of helping a patient. Codes: Follow all the ethical conduct codes.

According to data obtained in 2012 from the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), the average starting salary for an individual with a bachelor's degree in psychology is

$40069

Look up the Academic Integrity and Dishonesty Policy for Idaho State University (a simple google search should do it). How is Cheating defined? Look at the numbered list of conditions under "Cheating includes, but is not limited to". Do any of them surprise you? Perhaps #4 or #9?

Cheating in the Idaho State University policy is defined by using or attempting materials, information, or study aids that are not permitted by the instructor in examination or other academic work. Some of the conditions for cheating are not surprising. Number 4 is because how is it not fair for us to submit our own work twice, its still our own words but we just got it easier, so I feel like that one is not very fair. As for number 2, that one is tricky because there are websites out there that you can sell your work and study guides online for money, so I wonder if that fits into this category. I don't think it would matter here in a smaller university but probably in the bigger universities it would be affected.

How can you find out which research opportunities are available to you?

Check the faculty member's homepage and check the lab's website.

Where might we expect to find counseling psychologists?

Community mental health centers, medical centers, University counseling centers, and veteran's administration facilities

Scientific thinking is based on the ideas of-------, --------, and -------- .

Comparison; control; and manipulation

Why is cramming for a test a bad strategy?

Cramming for a test is a bad strategy because you have not given yourself enough time to truly process the information and retain it. Maybe you are able to retain the information enough time to take the test, but most likely the information is not going to stay in your long-term memory.

Which degree would you be interested in strictly as a practitioner?

Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) and Master's Degree (M.S., E.Ed., etc)

A scientific experiment must be designed to be as close to real life as possible, or it is useless.

False

Academic advising and mentoring generally refer to the same thing.

False

According to "Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome," theoretical advances in science are usually the result of a single critical insight that overturns all previous knowledge.

False

According to the NY times article, a good mentor is not that important.

False

According to the test, Knause et al. (1999) found that students with internships had lower GPAs and were less likely to be employed after graduation, possibly because of the extra time that the internship took away from studies.

False

According to the text, A student who comes back from an internship with the conclusion that, "I do not want to that for my entire career" have not had a valuable experience.

False

According to the text, a majority of graduate admissions committee members rated extracurricular activities as highly important.

False

According to the text, research experience was rated as a highly important admissions criteria for graduate programs in psychology by a larger percentage of graduate admissions committee members than any other criteria.

False

After obtaining a bachelors degree in psychology, you will be qualified to work as a psychologist.

False

Clinical psychology students do not need to meet any additional requirements after obtaining their degree before they can become licensed psychologists.

False

Freudian psychoanalysis is central to most modern psychological research.

False

Psychological research tends to confirm folk wisdom.

False

The aim of a liberal arts education is to teach you a specific marketable skill so that you can get a good job.

False

The best way to approach college is to treat it as an exercise in credentialing

False

The majority of psychology undergraduates will pursue a graduate degree.

False

There are many APA-accredited graduate programs which can be completed entirely online.

False

What are the five General Principles of the APA? Briefly describe the meaning of each principle in your own words. DO NOT copy/paste from the text.

Five general principles of the APA: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence: As a psychologist with the best of your ability provide and seek the most beneficial outcome for the patient, and avoid harm. Always be respectful and mindful of colleagues opinions to avoid conflicts. Fidelity and Responsibility: As an employer and psychologist you are suppose to follow your obligations and responsibilities. Need to establish trust with colleagues. Integrity: Promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness when practicing or teaching psychology. Justice: Recognize the potential biases, and remember to stay fair and have justice when working with patients. Respect for People's rights and dignity: Every individual has the right to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination.

According to the text, which of these admissions factors are underestimated by undergraduates?

GRE scores and Letters of recommendation

What are the sections of an APA style paper (in the correct order)? Briefly describe the function of each section.

In APA the paper is presented as: Title Page: Author's name, header, and other information Abstract: quick summary Introduction: introduce the problem, background, and purpose of study Method: What you did--> participants, material, and procedure Results: statistical outcomes Discussion: What it means References: state others whose work you referenced

Briefly explain the difference between the active voice and the passive voice.

In active voice is when the subject is performing the action for example "I wrote the essay" but in passive voice is when subject receives the action for example "The essay was written by me."

According to the text, why is it important to have a regular schedule for studying? Be specific.

It is important to have a regular schedule when studying to get the successful study sessions. To do that people can start off by planning what time in the day they are more awake and alert, and just schedule that time using a planner that keeps track of classes, assignments, and other commitments. This is important because you don't want to cram studying for a big exam the day before, but instead a few days before having smaller study sessions so you are able to process all the information completely and give yourself time to remember, understand, repeat, and analyze the information.

What is the purpose of a literature review?

Literature review is important in many ways. When starting to research a new topic it can be beneficial to look at other people's papers and research on the topic. You can start identifying the meaning, any challenges, what discussion have already been open, and seeing others ideas and theories. This can help the author set a theoretical foundation and understand how their study can be valuable.

Which of these are a part of the covert curriculum?

Managing stress and conflict successfully. Speaking and writing in a clear, organized, and persuasive manner.

Which of these jobs are available to you with a bachelor's degree in psychology? Check all that apply.

Mental health social worker, recreational therapists, substance abuse counselor, victim's advocate, psychiatric technician, army mental health specialist, child welfare/ placement caseworker, and research assistant

Define multiple causation.

Multiple causation is meaning that there can be various variables that cause a certain even. For example, if someone is studying sleep (A) and eating (B), than there can be a third variable that effects both of these variables like stress (C).

Look up the Academic Integrity and Dishonesty Policy for Idaho State University (a simple google search should suffice). How is Plagiarism defined? In the section on APA style, we mentioned a resource that guides the proper way to cite sources in an APA style paper. What is it?

Plagiarism is defined as presenting or representing another person's words, ideas, data, or work as one's own. One source that is available to give guidelines for the proper way to cit sources is the Purdue Online Writing Lab.

Which of the following are Bachelor's level options in the field of Neuropsychology?

Psychiatric Pharmacist, Psychiatric technician, clinical lab technologist, and science technician

According to the author of "Psychology is Alive and Well", which of the following is true about psychology? Check all that apply.

Psychology employs systematic and controlled observations in an effort to understand behavior. Psychology is the data-based scientific study of behavior.

According to the text, why does science writing in psychology require a specific format?

Psychology papers require to be written in a certain way so that all the different studies that are conducted results are reported in a consistent and predictable format. It makes it easier to read and each section gives certain details about the study.

According to this week's video, which of these are possible career paths for a social and consumer psychologist with a bachelor's degree? Check all that apply.

Public relationships specialists, advertising and marketing, real estate agent or consultant

Which of these are models of graduate training for psychologists?

Scientist, scientist-practitioner, practitioner

What are three benefits that accrue from reviewing the literature on your research question or topic

Some benefits that accrue from reviewing the literature include: challenges that can occur when doing research in the topic, learning how to avoid mistakes, understanding what has already been done, familiarizing with former theories, and getting an complete understanding of the topic.

Why is the use of "person-who" statistics misleading?

The "person-who" can be misleading because most people use it in order to invalidate facts that they don't agree with. Even if there is a lot of evidence against something, then people tend to just say well "No, cause I know..." people tend to do this because they rather not face the actual facts.

The tendency of people to endorse generalized personality summaries as accurate and specific descriptions of themselves is known as

The P T Barnum Effect

What is the principle of converging evidence?

The principle of converging evidence is when you take in mind the critical flaws that could have taken place during the research because it can either support or undermine the research hypothesis. As a scientist, you are the most aware of what flaws can be found in the experiment so it is necessary that you keep those in mind.For example, if I'm testing sleeping habits and make my sample groups sleep at a certain time, I have to remember that there could always be a third variable that can be affecting my results. Even though there can be flaws, it doesn't always mean that your conclusion cannot be justified. Instead, this is benefiting science because researchers want to conduct experiments that are re-testable and consistent.

What does the text suggest for improving your reading skills and retention? Write down the steps. Then, tell me how each step works. Do you think this method may be effective for you? Why?

The text recommends we use a reading system that was developed by Robinson called the SQ3R, which is the following: 1. Survey: Glace over heading and try to know what the chapter will be about 2. Question: Turn the headings into questions that you will be able to answer after reading. 3. Read: Read and try to answer the questions you had. 4. Recite: Recite the answer to your questions in you own words out loud then write them down. 5. Review: Test memory by reviewing questions while trying to not look at the answers. This technique could work for me but I don't think I would actually put in into use. Luckily though, my textbooks that I read actually have review questions so if I don't know them then I go back to re-reading the part I did not understand.

What is probabilistic reasoning?

There are certain things in life that have been researched and have been stated at facts and agree to those facts. For example, there have always been found differences between male and female like males are stronger than females, and there is research that suggest to this being true but it doesn't mean that every male is going to be stronger than every female.

Why are case studies and testimonials not appropriate for evaluations of psychological theories and treatments?

They are isolated events which lack comparative evidence. There are two many alternative explanations for the observations made in a case study or testimonial.

According to the text, which of the following are true of field experiences and internships?

They are opportunities to learn about and apply psychological principles outside of the classroom.They offer development of skills that are difficult to learn and practice in the classroom.

A Bachelor's degree in school psychology allows one to take a job as a teaching assistant, which is a good way to become exposed to teaching and decide if you'd like to pursue it further.

True

A person with a bachelor's degree tends to earn about twice as much per year than a person with only a high school diploma.

True

A senior thesis requires more independence and responsibility than a research assistantship, the student owns this research, and the faculty member is in an advising role.

True

A terminal master's degree is usually intended to train a student for a specific occupation.

True

According to the text, Kampfe, Mitchell, Boyless, and Sauers (1999) found that students perceived their internships as important, relatively non-disruptive, and that they had control over the circumstances of their internship.

True

An undergraduate education in psychology is excellent preparation for employment, even if that employment is not directly related to psychology.

True

Clinical psychologists deal mostly with psychopathology.

True

Many of the jobs available with a graduate degree in social and consumer psychology depend on the additional research skills you obtain with a graduate degree.

True

Organizational psychologists study how individual and group behavior impact an organization

True

Scientists deliberately set up special conditions (which may be unlike those to occur naturally) in order to pry variables apart.

True

The American Psychological Association recognizes over 50 different subdivisions (or areas of research) in psychology.

True

There are very few fields that would not benefit from a better understanding of human behavior.

True

Undergraduate student researchers can present their findings at national conferences, either orally or on a poster.

True

The school psychologist deals primarily with_______ and ______ with in the context of _____- .

children; families; the school system

Which type of psychologist is interested in decision making, problem solving, and the nature of human thought?

cognitive

Random assignment and random sampling are essentially the same thing.

false

The American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the International Honor Society in Psychology are all free to join for undergraduate students.

false

Which specialization focuses on human behavior and how we relate to machines?

human factors psychology

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a benefit of serving as a research assistant?

learn how to proctor exams and design course content

The vividness effect refers to the tendency of people to

pay more attention to compelling or dramatic evidence

According to the text, the four most important types of undergraduate research experience were that the student was:

published a senior thesis, was the first author on a referred journal article, made a paper presentation at a national conference, and published in a referred journal

A good scientific theory will predict what will happen, but will also imply what will NOT happen.

true

Every time someone says "That's just a theory," somewhere, a scientist cries.

true

Placebo effects occur regardless of whether the intervention is effective.

true

Psychological knowledge is critical to being a good computer programmer because computers are patterned after human thought.

true

Undergraduate students can present oral papers and posters of their research at regional and national psychological conventions.

true

Which of the following is a characteristic of a psychologically literate person?

acting ethically, being insightful and reflective about one;s own and others' behaviors and mental processes, and having a well-defined vocabulary and basic knowledge of the critical subject matter in psychology

A scientific theory is

an interrelated set of concepts that is used to explain a body of data and to make predictions about the results of future experiments.

What does it mean when we say an article is peer reviewed? Describe the peer review process from manuscript to publication.

A peer reviewed article is when the work has been evaluated by professionals/experts in the specific field and checked for any mistakes or invalid research. The author needs to submit their paper to the the journal they want, where then it will be sent to individuals who are qualified to review. Once they have reviewed it can either be published or sent back to author so they can make some modifications. Authors submit an article The Editor-in-chief verifies the relevance of the article to the journal's policies Associate editors suggest peer-reviewers, who are knowledgeable in the selected fields. Or it's rejected. Editor-in-chief usually asks for an editorial board gathering to study the peer reviewer's comments. The authors may be asked to respond to the questions raised by reviewers if the paper is accepted for publication. The author is supposed to respond and clarify questions, if any. Upon receiving the revised paper, the reviewers check for the author's feedbacks on their comments. Upon the last round of review and their approval, the paper is revised by editors and it is put in the queue for publication.

Why would psychology be a good major or minor for a police officer? Please respond with at least 5 sentences.

A psychology degree could be beneficial for a police officer because it could help with understanding others and expanding social skills. It can also help in stressful situations our handling the reactions of others. Also, when interviewing others it can be beneficial to use certain psychological techniques to get them to talk or remember events and even evaluating the legitimacy of their claims. It's beneficial to know the signs or symptoms of problematic behaviors or mental illnesses. Finally, psychology degrees can help develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

According to the text, better questions to be asked in a research format have three characteristics. What are they?

A research question should be formatted to be repeatable, observable, and testable.

Which of these are critical thinking skills?

Analyzing complex problems, retaining information, evaluating ideas and methods for their usefulness.

In the section on time-management, the text suggests that you break large tasks into smaller ones. Pick a large academic task (class project, paper, etc) and detail for me how you would break it into smaller tasks. Be specific.

When I have a large academic task, for example I just had Spanish presentation about the nervous system so I break down the process into steps: Day 1: Have a quick glance at my topic and then doing a very rough layout of what I need to include in my presentation. For example: title slide--> definition --> explain the system --> disease --> glossary --> resources Day 2, 3, 4: Do three slides each day for the next three days: each slide should have enough information and link to the source Day 5: Add pictures, animations, and cite sources. Also clean up what I'm going to say. Record my presentation voice over. Day 6: Put in my voice over and set timings for presentation. Finish any last details. Turn it in.