Cargo Terms (CG2)
What is a "Yard and Stay"?
Alternative descriptive term for Union Purchase Rig.
What is an OBO carrier?
An ore/oil carrier.
What is standardized cargo?
Cargo for which ship is provided with an approved securing system, based on cargo units of specific types. (Cargo Notes, p.39.)
What is a deadweight cargo?
Cargo on which freight is usually charge by its weight. Generally, cargo stowing at less than 1.2 cubic metres per tonne is likely to be deadweight cargo.
What is deadweight cargo?
Cargo on which freight is usually charged on its weight. While no hard and fast rules are in force, cargo stowing at less than 1.2 m3 is likely to be rated as deadweight cargo.
What is measurement cargo?
Cargo on which freight is usually charged on the volume occupied by the cargo (freight is usually light and bulky stowing at less than 1.2m3 per tonne.
What is non-standardized cargo?
Cargo that requires individual stowage and securing arrangements. (Cargo Notes, p.39.)
What is a luffing derrick?
Conventional single swinging derrick that permits derrick head to be raised and lowered to establish any line of plumb - as opposed to static rigged derricks as with a Union Purchase rig.
What does COW mean in relation to tanker operations?
Crude oil washing (of tanks)
What is a Union Rig / Union Purchase Rig?
Derrick rig that joins 2 single swinging derricks to work in "union" with cargo runners joined to a triple swivel hook. Previously known as "Yard and Stay."
What are wires per strand (wps)?
Describes the type of construction of a steel wire rope.
What is a cargo plan?
Diagrammatic picture of the distribution of cargo within the hold/spaces of a ship
What is deadweight?
Difference in tonnes between displacement of ship at the summer load waterline in water of S.G. 1.025 and the lightweight of the ship.
What are water reactive substances?
In relation to dangerous goods a substance that when in contact with water emits flammable gas.
What is dunnage?
Material used to protect cargo from contact with steelwork, other cargoes, or any possibly damaging influences. Usually made of wood.
What is MSL ?
Maximum Securing Load - the allowable load capacity for a device used to secure cargo to a ship. (Cargo Notes, p.39.)
What is a Velle derrick?
Moderate heavy lift derrick that can be operated as a crane by a single operator. Constructed with a T bridle piece at the head of the derrick that allows topping lift wires to be secured to act in way of slewing guys / or topping lift.
What is a speed crane?
Modern derrick with multi-gear operation on the principle of the single jib point-loading crane.
What is freight?
Monetary charge levied for carriage of cargo.
What does loose mean in the context of cargo?
S
What is a Hallen universal swinging derrick?
Single swinging derrick with lifting capacity up to 100 tonnes SWL.
What is a safety tongue?
Spring clip sealing device to cover jaw of lifting hook.
What does "destuff" mean?
To unload a shipping container. Also referred to as "to strip."
What is moisture migration?
Transfer of moisture through a stowed cargo
What is a lane metre?
Unit by which decks on Ro-Ro ships are measured.
What is a long tonne?
Unit of mass weight 2240 lb (1016 kg)
What are UFL and LFL? (hazardous goods)
Upper flammable limit / lower flammable limit (concentrations of vapor)
What is "air draft"?
Vertical distance fm surface of water to the highest point of the ship's mast or aerial.
What is luffing?
Vertical movement of the jib of a crane.
What is "stowage factor"?
Volume occupied by unit weight of cargo. Expressed as cubic metres per tonne (m3/tonnes). It does not take into account any space lost to "broken stowage"
What the two ways that the insides of cargo spaces are measured?
- Grain space - Bale space
How should holds be prepared for loading grain?
- Holds must be washed, dried and free of residue from previous cargoes - Surveyors (of shippers) may inspect the holds prior to loading - Inspect for insect infestation - Fumigate if necessary (Cargo Notes, p.83.)
What is "broken stowage"?
- Space lost in a compartment through either the uneven nature of cargo or the packaging or dunnage between cargoes. - Usually expressed as a percentage of volume of cargo and will vary with nature of cargo.
What is "grain space"? ("grain space capacity")
- Total internal volume measured from shell plating to shell plating and from tank top to under deck. - Associated with any form of bulk cargo that would completely fill the space.
What 5 conditions must be met before a vessel may load grain?
- Total weight of grain does not exceed 1/3 of ship's deadweight - Compartments are filled, trimmed and fitted with longitudinal divisions full length to max depth 2.4m or saucered - Free grain surfaces in partly filled compartments trimmed level and secured IAW code - GM must be 0.3m or as given by Code (which ever is greater) - Master can demonstrate that when loaded ship will satisfy stability requirements (Cargo Notes, p.82.)
What is a tonne?
2240 lb
What is a high cube GP container?
A 40-ft general purpose container that is 9.5 ft in height, taller than a normal container.
What is a "U" bolt?
A bolt application that secures the reduced eye of a cargo runner to the barrel of a winch
What is a schooner guy?
A bracing guy that joins the spider bands at the derrick heads of a "Union Purchase Rig"
In the context of carriage of grain, what is a "filled compartment, untrimmed"?
A cargo space that is filled to the maximum extent possible in way of the hatch opening, but which has not been trimmed outside the periphery of the hatch opening. (Int'l Grain Code, Sect 2)
What is a wiggle wire?
A continuous wire rope passed from side to side over cargo and held continuously through a series of snatch blocks. (Cargo Notes, p.45.)
What is a riding turn?
A cross turn of wire/rope around a winch or stag horn. A dangerous situation and should be cleared ASAP.
What is unitised cargo?
A grouping together of two or more items usually of a homogenous nature) and securing them with banding, glue, shrink wrap, slings to form a unit, together with a base such as a pallet or skid.
What is a snotter?
A length of steel wire with an eye in each end. Employed as a lifting sling
What can happen if TML is exceeded?
A moisture content above TML can result in liquefaction, leading to cargo shift.
What is a Flemish eye?
A reduced eye made of 3 strands (not 6) spliced into the end of a cargo runner that is secured to the barrel of a winch.
What is a tumbler?
A securing swivel connection found attached to the Samson post or "Mast Table" to support the topping lift blocks of the span tackle
What is a quoin?
A softwood wedge used to chock off casks or other rounded pieces of cargo.
What is flow state?
A state that occurs when a mass of granular material is saturated with liquid to the point that internal shear strength is lost, and it behaves as if the whole mass was in liquid form
What is a spider band?
A steel lugged strap found around the head of a derrick. The rigging such as topping lift and guys are shackled onto the spider band.
What is a shore?
A support given to decks, bulkheads, or cargo. Usually timber but can be a metal stanchion.
What is a segregated ballast tank?
A tank in a tanker that is used for water ballast only. Thus there is no risk of cargo being mixed with ballast, with resulting pollution when the latter is pumped out.
What is a gondola?
A type of flat rack container having open framed ends and sides.
What is the safe working load?
Acceptable working tonnage used for weight-bearing item of eqpt.
What are cargo spaces?
All enclosed spaces that are appropriate for transporting cargo to be discharged from ship. Expressed either as deadweight or cubic capacity in bale or grain space terms.
What are case dogs?
Also called case hooks. Pair of clamps that fit on either side of a box or crate and used for lifting.
In the context of carriage of grain, what is a "filled compartment, trimmed"?
Any cargo space in which, after loading and trimming, the bulk grain is at its highest possible level. (Int'l Grain Code, Sect 2)
In the context of carriage of grain, what is a "partly filled compartment"?
Any cargo space wherein bulk grain is not loaded in the manner prescribed in the International Grain Code. (Int'l Grain Code, Sect 2)
What is a cargo ship?
Any ship that is not a passenger ship, troop ship, pleasure vessel, or fishing boat.
What is "special cargo"?
Attractive goods for which special stowage, supervision, and careful checking/tallying is necessary. Due to value and ease with which items could be pilfered or consumed. Examples - jewellery, furs, lace, mail, portable electronic eqpt, bottled or canned beer
What are shifting boards?
Boards fitted longitudinally along holds of ships when carrying free-flowing cargoes such as grains. Designed to prevent cargo shifting from side to side.
What is a single buoy mooring (SBM)?
Buoy to which a large oil tanker moors to discharge cargo, which is then pumped by pipeline to a refinery.
What is gunny matting?
Coarse fibre matting used mainly for the separation and protection of cargoes.
What does CKD mean?
Completely knocked down. Said of cargo, normally cars, that is shipped in pieces and cased, to be assembled at destination.
What is ship's sweat?
Condensation formed on the ship's structure that occurs when ship sails from a warm climate to a cool one.
What is cargo sweat?
Condensation that forms directly on the cargo when a ship sails from a cool to relatively warm climate.
What are "black products?"
Crude oils, such as heavy fuel oil. Also referred to as dirty petroleum products.
What is a ring bolt?
Deck ring or pad eye often used with doubling plate or screw securing. Employed to provide an anchor point for rigging around a derrick.
What is a luffing?
Denotes movement of a crane jib or derrick boom to move up or down - luff up or luff down.
What is standing rigging?
Fixed steel wire rope supports such as ship's stays and shrouds.
What does packaged form mean?
Form of containment specified by the IMDG Code.
What is access equipment?
Hatch coverings and other systems of access and egress for cargo movement
What is emergency temperature?
In relation to dangerous goods that temperature at which emergency procedures shall be implemented.
What is a cargo unit?
Includes a cargo transport unit and means wheeled cargo, vehicles, containers, flat pallet, portable tank packaged unit that belongs to ship and not fixed to the ship.
What is break bulk cargo?
Individual items such as crates, cases, cartons, bags, bales, bundles, drums, etc.
What does IGS mean in tanker operations?
Inert gas system - prevents explosion by replacing cargo as it is being pumped out by an inert gas (often ship's engine exhaust).
What is an IBC?
Intermediate Bulk Container - disposable or re-usable container designed for bulk commodities between .5 to 3 tonnes.
What is "bale space"? ("bale space capacity")
Internal volume of a compartment measured from the inner edges of the frames and from tank top to the lower edge of beams.
What is a Flemish hook?
Large hook used in conjunction with lower purchase block of a heavy-lift derrick. Can be opened for load slings then bolt locked.
What are sheer legs?
Large lifting device consisting of pair of inclined struts resembling a crane.
What are slings?
Lifting strops to secure the load to be hoisted to the lift hook. Can be made of steel wire rope, chains, rope or canvas
What is flammable range?
Limits of flammable (explosive) range in the range between the minimum and maximum concentrations of vapor that forms a flammable mixture.
What is flammable liquid?
Liquid having a flash point lower than 37.8 degrees Celcius.
What is a combustible liquid?
Liquid having a flash point of 37.8 degrees Celcius or above. Kerosene is combustible, whereas gasoline is flammable.
What is the flash point?
Lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form a flammable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid. It represents the change point from SAFE to RISK.
What is auto-ignition temperature?
Lowest temperature at which a substance will start to burn without the aid of an external flame. Spontaneous combustion begins when auto-ignition temperature is attained (if conditions are right)
What is a hounds band?
Lugged steel band that straps around a mast used to shackle on shrouds and stays. Also used to secure preventer backstays when a heavy derrick is being deployed.
What is the cargo securing manual?
Manual pertinent to an individual ship that shows lashing points and details of the securing of relevant cargoes. Based on transverse, longitudinal and vertical forces that could be encountered.
What is floodable length?
Maximum length of a compartment that can be flooded to bring a damaged vessel to float at a waterline that is tangential to the margin line.
What is control temperature?
Maximum temperature at which certain substances can be safely transported for a prolonged period of time.
What is separation? (of cargo)
Means of identifying separate consignments, so they are not mixed or discharged at the wrong port. Achieved by, for example, painting different colour marks on the cargo or putting tarpaulins, timber or mats, known as separation mats between consignments.
What is ullage?
Measured distance above surface of liquid in a tank and the underside decking of tank (or bulk cargo)
What is a sounding?
Measured distance below surface of liquid in a tank and the bottom of the tank.
What is a gross tonnage?
Measurement of total internal capacity of the ship.
What is a jumbo derrick?
Name given to a ship's heavy lift derrick.
What is sift proof packaging?
Packaging that is impermeable to dry contents including fine solid material produced during transport.
What is permeability?
Percentage of space that lies below the margin line that can be occupied by water
What is block stowage?
Placing of cargo in the hold of a ship in stacks of even length with no pieces protruding so as to make the most efficient use of the ship in the hold.
What are elephant legs?
Platforms onto which cargo is placed to enable a hydraulic trailer to be positioned underneath.
What is settled pressure?
Pressure of the contents of a pressure receptacle in thermal and diffusive equilibrium.
What is a limber board?
Removable board that is lifted to inspect a bilge.
What is a preventer?
Rope or wire attached at one end to the derrick head and at the other end secured to the deck, to relieve strain on the mast.
What is SWL?
Safe Working Load - Acceptable working tonnage used for a weight-bearing item of equipment. (House, Cargo Work p.5.)
What does full and down mean?
Said of a ship whose holds are full of cargo and whose hull is immersed as far as the permitted load line.
What does out-of-gauge mean? (OOG)
Said of cargo that will not fit inside a container. Also called over-dimensional or over-sized.
What is timber?
Sawn wood or lumber, cants, logs, poles, pulpwood and other type of timber in loose or packaged forms. Does NOT include wood pulp.
What is meant by tomming off?
Securing cargo parcels by means of baulks of timber.
What is a passenger ship?
Ship designed to carry more than 12 passengers
What is a "geared" ship?
Ship equipped with its own crane or derrick.
What is the load density plan?
Ship's plan that indicates deck load capacity of cargo spaces around the ship.
What is the term "walk back"?
Signifies reversing the direction of a winch in order to allow load to descend or the weight to come off the hoist wires.
What is a trunnion?
Similar to gooseneck, normally found on intermediate size derricks of 40 tonnes or over.
What is a snatch block?
Single sheave block with a hinged clamp over the "swallow" that allows a bight of wire or rope to be set into the block without having to pull the end through.
What is a calf dozer?
Small bulldozer used to go over bulk cargoes such as sugar for trimming/leveling.
What is the timber load line?
Special load line assigned to ships complying with certain design specs. Used when cargo complies with stowage and securing IAW Code of Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes
What is a spreader?
Steel or wood batten that effectively spreads the wire sling arrangement wider apart when lifting a large area load. Provides greater stability. Formerly called lifting beam.
What are stabilizers?
Steel outriders that extend from shore side mobile cranes to prevent crane from tipping.
What is a bottom side rail?
Steel section running along the length of each bottom edge of a container.
What does the term "to overstow" mean?
Stow one item of cargo on top of another in a ship.
What are harmful substances?
Substances identified as marine pollutants by the IMDG Code.
What are dangerous goods, as defined in SOLAS?
Substances, materials, and articles covered by the IMDG Code.
What is a linkspan?
Surface that forms a shore-based interface with ship, enabling vehicles to be driven on and off ships.
What is the defined deck area?
That area of the weather deck of a ship or of the vehicle deck of a Ro-Ro that is allocated for the stowage of dangerous goods.
What is a gooseneck?
The bearing and swivel fitting found at the heel of a derrick that allows derrick to slew from port to stbd and to luff up and down.
What is the RD coefficient?
The change of RD (S.G) of an oil due to a change of 1 degree Celsius in temperature
What is flow moisture point?
The percentage of moisture content at which a flow state develops
What is moisture content?
The percentage of the total mass that is water, ice, or other liquid
What is the "angle of repose"?
The resting angle of a cone of material. The angle varies depending upon the physical properties of the material.
In terms of compressed gas what does working pressure mean?
The settled pressure of a compressed gas at 15 degrees Celsius in a full pressure receptacle.
What is the weather deck?
The uppermost complete deck exposed to the weather and sea.
What is a cargo runner?
The wire from the winch, through sheaves, to the derrick head (or cargo block)
What is TML?
Transportable Moisture Limit. Maximum moisture content of a cargo that ma liquefy at a level that is considered safe for carriage in ships other than those with specially designed features to permit cargo with TML above this limit.
What is a Union Plate?
Triangular steel plate set with 3 eyelets used in Union Purchase Rig to join cargo runners and hook arrangement when triple swivel hook is not employed. Sometimes referred to as "Monkey Face Plate."
What is a TEU?
Twenty-foot equivalent unit = 1x20ft shipping container. Thus, 1x40ft container = 2 TEU.
What are can hooks?
Two or more steel hooks that fit under the lip of a steel drum or barrel. Linked together by chain for lifting the drum.
What is the definition of grain?
Wheat, maize, oats, rye, barley, rice, pulses, seeds and processed forms thereof whose behaviour is similar to that of grain in its natural state. (Int'l Grain Code, Sect 2)
What is a bogie? (transportation term)
Wheeled under-carriage on which a container or chassis may be placed
What is running rigging?
Wire or cordage ropes that pass around the sheave of a block.
