******* cat

small intestines

-absorption of the freaking nutrients

trachea

-allows air to travel to lungs

uterine tubes

-carries urine to the bladder

stomach

-chemical breakdown of protein

Spermatic cord

-combines tubing entering testes

Urogenital sinus

-common chamber found only in females where the vagina and urethra both exit

penis

-delivers sperm to female vagina

lungs

-exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood

Urethra

-excretes waste to exterior

Kidney

-filters blood and produces urine

spleen

-helps filter blood, stores platelets

Mesentary- helps hold organs to body wall

-helps hold organs to body wall

Filiform papillae

-helps with grooming, a lot sharper, take meat off of bones

Gallbladder-holds bile and releases when stomach demands it

-holds bile

Scrotum

-holds the testes

bladder

-holds urine

testis

-makes male hormones/sperm

ovaries

-produces egg and female hormones

Liver

-protein/fat/carbohydrate metabolism

adrenal glands

-secretes hormones to regulate blood pressure/blood sugar/heart rate

hard palate

-separates nasal cavity from oral cavity

The female cat has a _1_ uterus; that of the human female is _2_. Explain the difference in structure of these two uterine types.

1) bipartite, 2) simplex, Cat- Y-shaped central inferior chamber (body) from which two horns (cornua) extend. Human- undivided single pear-shaped chamber.

Cite the differences between the cat and the human relative to the following structures-1) Uterine tubes or oviducts. 2) Site of entry of ductus deferns into the urethra. 3) location of the prostate gland. 4) seminal vesicles. 5) urethral and vaginal openings in the female

1) cat's are much reduced in size and length. 2) more distal to the bladder in the cat. 3) smaller and more distal to the bladder in the cat. 4) not present in the cat. 5) open into a common chamber (urogenital sinus) in the cat. In humans, each organ opens independently to the body exterior

What of structures do you see in this double peritoneal fold?

Blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves are present.

In what way is the position similar?

Both are retroperitoneal.

What reproductive advantage is conferred by the feline uterine type?

Can produce multiple offspring (litters).

Give an explanation for the different adult dental formulas in cats and humans.

Cats are carnivores and need extra incisors for biting. They have a reduced need for grinding and thus have fewer molars.

Does the cat have a uvula?

Cats do not have a uvula.

How does the site of urethral emptying in the female cat differ from its termination point in the human female?

Human- empties to the body exterior. Cat- with the vagina, it empties into the urogenital sinus, then to the body exterior.

How are the cat's lungs different from humans?

Humans have separate lung lobes 3-Right 2-Left

Compare the location of the adrenal glands in the cat to the location in humans.

In humans the adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys. In the cat they are superior, separate, and medial to the kidneys, close to the inferior vena cava.

How does the position of the kidneys in the cat differ from their position in humans?

In humans, the left kidney is more superior. In the cat, the kidneys are located at the same level or the right kidney is more anterior.

What is a urogenital sinus?

It is a common chamber into which the urethra and vagina enter.

An appendix?

No

Does the cat have a uvula?

No

Is this part of the urinary system?

No

Does the cat have an appendix?

No, the cat does not have an appendix.

What is its function?

Part of the male reproductive system. Produces a secretion, which contributes to seminal fluid.

What gland encircles the neck of the bladder in the male?

Prostate

Do rugae appear in humans?

Rugae are not as well-developed in humans.

Compare the appearance of tongue papillae in cats and humans.

The cat has numerous sharp, bristly filiform papillae. Human filiform papillae are less numerous, blunted, and softer.

Does the liver of the cat have the same number of lobes as the human liver?

The cat liver has 4 lobes; the human liver has 2 lobes

Compare the number of lobes of the liver in cats and humans.

The cat liver has five lobes; the human liver has four.

How does the inner surface of the ileum feel? Do the villi of the duodenum feel different than ileal mucosa?

The inner surface of the ileum feels like velvet.

Other than support for the intestine, what functions does the mesentery have?

The mesenteries provide a route for blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves to travel to and from the small intestine.

What is the function of filiform papillae?

The numerous filiform papillae are used by the cat for grooming and for removing flesh from bones.

What is the general shape of the cat stomach?

The stomach is a curved sac.

Distinguish between a ureter and the urethra?

The ureter carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The urethra carries urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior.

How do the villi differ in the duodenum and the ileum? Explain

The villi in the duodenum are more elongated and more numerous than those in the ileum. Villi contribute to the increase in surface area that is necessary for absorption of nutrients, especially in the duodenum. Most absorption occurs in the proximal portion of the small intestine.

What differences do you see in the villi in the two areas of the small intestine?

The villi in the duodenum are more elongated than those in the ileum.

Can you see any obvious differences in the external anatomy of the small intestine from one end to the other?

There are no major differences in external anatomy along the length of the small intestine.

Describe the appearance of the bronchial tree in the cat lung

They branch out into 2 tubes

How would you anatomically describe the entrance of the ureters?

the ureters enter the bladder on the right and left lateral surfaces toward the posterior (caudal) end.