CC Speech Chapter 8
expert testimony
testimony from people who are recognized experts in their field
extended example
a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point
mean
average
Paraphrase
to restate in your own words
Median
Middle number
Testimony
Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
peer testimony
testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic
direct quotation
testimony that is presented word for word
Statistics
numerical data
What is testimony?
quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
quoting out of context
quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it
Mode
The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.
brief example
a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
hypothetical example
an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation
What three questions should you ask to judge the reliability of statistics?
1) Are they Representative? 2) Are the measures used correctly? 3) Are they from a reliable source?
What are the three kinds of examples discussed in this chapter? How might you use each kind to support your ideas?
1) Brief example - illustrate a point to create a desired response 2) extended example - dramatic stories pull listeners into speech 3) Hypothetical example - effective because you can relate it to your audience and use stats at end to make it reliable
What are four tips for using testimony in your speeches?
1) Quote or paraphrase accurately. 2) Use Testimony from qualified sources. 3) Use testimony from unbiased sources. 4) Identify the people you quote or paraphrase.
What are the five tips for using examples in your speeches?
1) Use examples to clarify your ideas. 2) Use examples to reinforce your ideas. 3) Use examples to personalize ideas. 4) Make your examples vivid and richly textured. 5) Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples
What are SIX tips for using statistics in your speeches?
1). Use statistics to quantify your ideas. 2) Use statistics sparingly. 3) Identify the source of your statistics. 4) Explain your statistics. 5) Round off complicated statistics. 6) Use visual aids to clarify statistical data
Why is it easy to lie with statistics?
Can be manipulated and distorted easily to fit your opinion
Explain the difference between expert testimony and peer testimony
EXPERT - Testimony from people who are recognized as experts in their fields. PEER - Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic
What four pieces of information are needed to provide when making oral source citations in a speech?
Name of document Author, sponsoring organization Qualifications Date
Supporting materials
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
Why do you need supporting materials in your speeches?
To bolster the speaker's point of view. because generalizations don't answer the three questions listeners always ask of a speaker: "What do you mean? "Why should I believe You?" "So what?"
example
a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like