CE 1000 UMD Final
What was the construction process that allowed the Sears tower to have economical fabrication? A. Large prefabricated sections B. Precast concrete sections C. Slip form construction D. Tower cranes
A
A diving board represents what type of structural form? A. Shell B. Cantilever C. Truss D. Column
B
Which best describes the structural system used for the Firth of Forth Bridge? A. Cantilevers with suspended middle span B. Suspension Truss C. Back-stayed truss system D. Braced Frame
A
Which is considered Fazlur Khan's greatest contribution? A. Development of structural types (still used today) that allowed efficiency in tall buildings B. The design of the Burj Kalifa C. The vision for the Empire State Building D. Willis Tower (formerly sears tower)
A
Which is the more structurally efficient shape for an arch bridge? A. Parabolic B. Two parabolas: one above deck and one below C. Half-circle D. Elliptical
A
Which of the following building materials needs the least fireproofing material applied to meet building codes? A. Concrete B. Steel C. Wood
A
Which of the following contributed to the Brooklyn Bridge? A. All three Roeblings: John, Washington, Emily B. Washington Roebling C. Emily Roebling D. John Roebling
A
Why was there vertical cracking in the walls of the Zuoz Bridge? A. Tension in the wall due to the difference in movement due to temperature differences between the top deck and bottom arch B. Compression in the wall due to the difference in movement due to temperature differences between the top deck and bottom arch C. Compression induced by the middle hinge D. Inadequate strength in flexure
A
Which of the following are additional considerations for earthquake design that are not part of a typical structural design. Check all that apply. A. Natural frequency of the structure B. Load reversal (from vertical acceleration) C. Ductile failure D. Live and dead loads
A and B
What type of structure is Maillart most known for? A. Steel arch bridges B. Suspension bridges with concrete towers C. Concrete arch bridges D. Railroad bridges
C
What was the disease that workers in the caissons died from during the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge? (Washington Roebling was also paralyzed due to this.) A. Black lung B. Altitude sickness C. Cassion's Disease (also known as the bends) D. Scurvy
C
Which area has the highest likelihood of a damaging earthquake in the next 50 years? A. Central Texas B. Arizona C. Southeastern Missouri D. Florida
C
I will beat you the fuk up
no cap
Thomas Telford is most well known for which of the following structures? A. Craigellachie B. London Bridge C. Saltash Bridge (lenticular truss) D. Iron Bridge
A
What was the reason that the earthquake in Haiti in 2010 (magnitude 7.0) caused so much more destruction than the earthquake in Chile in 2010 (magnitude 8.8)? A. Chile had designed buildings for seismic load whereas Haiti had very susceptible types of structures B. the Andes mountains protect Chile from the earthquake fault line C. Haiti has soil that easily liquifies D. the epicenter of the earthquake in Chile was out in the ocean off the west coast
A
Both Maillart and Menn designed concrete arch bridges in Switzerland. What was a major technical difference in some of Menn's arch bridges from Maillart's bridges? A. Menn designed curved bridges while Maillart's arches were straight B. Menn used prestressing for longer spans and less material C. Menn's arches were more elegant D. Menn didn't need formwork
B
If buildings of 3 different heights are in the same area during an earthquake, which is likely to have the most damage? A. A medium sized building B. It depends on the earthquake and building stuffness C. The tallest building D. The shortest building
B
Cables are most effetive A. In compression B. As arches C. In tension D. In bending
C
If I have a beam that has the same amount of material, which shape (cross-section) is stiffer in flexure: A. Solid Square B. A wide, thin rectangle C. Solid circle D. Hollow box
D
The Romans used blood and horsehair in their concrete to get desirable properties True False
True
Concrete is A. Made of water, sand, rocks, and cement B. Is strongest in tension C. The grey powder used in projects such as sidewalks D. Weighs more than steel for the same volume
A
How did Freysinnet counteract creep in his early concrete arch bridges before he was able to fully utilize pressed concrete? A. He put jacks in the arch to push back the deflections due to creep B. He built the arches with an additional camber upward C. He built stronger arches D. He doubled the amount of reinforcement
A
John Roebling added wires tying the Niagara River Bridge to the ground for what reason? A. To avoid issues with wind loads B. To try out the new wire rope that his company was making C. To mimic the look of the Wheeling Bridge D. To improve the aesthetics
A
Menn began using very wide box girders with overhangs. What technical design component allowed him to do this? A. He prestressed the box girders not only in the longitudinal direction, but also in the transverse direction so that the overhangs were prestressed B. He made the overhangs as thin as possible so their weight would not cause failure C. He prestressed the columns/piers along with the box girders D. He included an internal bracing system to support the overhangs
A
Menn preferred to avoid expansion joints in his bridges due to the need for significant maintenance. What was his solution to deal with expansion due to temperature changes? A. He used the curvature of the structure to absorb the geometry changes B. He used a special apparatus with overlapping metal "teeth" to accommodate the expansion/contraction C. He didn't need them because it's always cold in Switzerland D. He included three hinges
A
Of the choices below, which should come first in considering the design of a very tall building? A. basic calculations to understand the feasibility of the proposed structure B. an advanced finite element model of the structure C. detailed calculations of the wind load D. the final choice of material
A
Steel reinforcement is used in concrete to primarily to provide which of the following? A. Additional tensile capacity B. Additional compressive capacity C. Less corrosion D. A path for the cracks to follow
A
The most effective configuration for the prestressing steel in the concrete is which of the following? A. One that balances the expected applied loads B. Always on the bottom side C. One that applies the exact same moment as the expected applied loads D. Straight through the centroid of the cross-section
A
What event triggered the start of the skyscraper movement? A. The 1871 Chicago Fire B. Fazlur Khan's Completion of his PHD C. The formation of the firm of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill D. The economic boom in St. Louis
A
What is Freysinnet best known for? A. He made prestressed concrete feasible by understanding how to overcome creep B. He patented the first 7 wire prestressing strand C. he was an amazing teacher of structural engineering including prestressed concrete D. he designed the most bridges that were prestressed concrete structural art
A
What is the 2nd Chicago School? A. The time period between 1964-1985 of skyscraper development in Chicago B. The college where Goldsmith, Khan and Graham taught C. The architectural period that started the skyscraper movement D. The period marked by the completion of the Empire State Building
A
What is the feature that the John Hancock Tower is most known for? A. Visible exterior structural diagonal bracing B. A unique non-structural facade C. It was the first significant tall steel building D. It is the tallest building in Chicago
A
What was a major strength that Eiffel had that enabled him to successfully finish a tower that was nearly double that of the previous record breaking Washington Monument? A. He was both an excellent designer and onsite manager/builder B. He relied on instinct rather than detailed calculations C. He had vast experience with towers from his days as a stone mason D. He partnered with the world's top architects
A
For the same span designed the most efficiently possible for a given material, which would be lighter weight? A. A stone bridge B. An iron bridge C. Neither- both would weigh the same
B
Hardy Cross is attributed as the author of this quote: "Strength is essential but otherwise unimportant." Which of the following best represents the meaning? A. Strength should not be a main consideration B. Strength is required, but there is much more beyond that to consider C. Strength is unimportant compared to beauty D. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
B
If a beam is supported on each end and begins to bend under gravity loads, which of the following is true? A. It can only experience tension B. The top experiences compression and the bottom experiences tension C. It can only experience compression D. The top experiences tension and the bottom experiences compression
B
If a building's natural frequency is the same as the frequency of the earthquake, what would likely be the result? A. Liquefaction would occur B. Violent shaking and collapse of the building C. The two frequencies would counteract each other and the building will be relatively still D. The building will slide at its base
B
John Roebling's personality had a lot to do with his ability to convince others to move forward with building the Brooklyn Bridge. Which of the following is the best description of his personality? A. Quiet and accommodating B. Stern with great will C. A stickler for the status quo D. Boisterous and affiable
B
The Sunniberg Bridge met Menn's three aesthetic goals. What were these goals? A. long spans, use of cables, flared piers B. transparency/slenderness, simplicity/regularity, artistic shaping C. complexity, uniqueness, creativity D. curved piers, harped cable stays, thin deck
B
What are the metal hangers on Swiss bridges used for? A. To support scaffolding for inspection or repair B. places to hang explosives if the bridge needs to be destroyed due to invading troops C. Footholds for maintenance workers D. Hangers for utilities
B
Which is true of earthquake design of structures? A. Safety and serviceability under earthquake loads must be met B. Human safety is the design criterion C. all non-structural elements (such as drywall) must remain undamaged D. there must be no cosmetic damage after the earthquake
B
Which of the following is NOT true about Stephenson's Britannia bridge? A. It was heavily damaged by a fire and had to be partially rebuilt B. It is much more efficient than the Saltash Bridge C. It was originally intended to be a suspension bridge
B
Which of the following is a bridge designed by John Roebling? A. The Hell Gate Bridge in NYC B. The Cincinnati Bridge C. The Wheeling Bridge D. The Golden Gate Bridge
B
Which of the following is a social aspect that the Brooklyn Bridge introduced? A. Isolation / division of communities B. A connection of two distinct communities C. A new system to resist wind loads D. A record breaking span
B
Which of the following is a structure? A. The Statue of Liberty B. All the other answers C. A Chair D. A termite Mound E. The Eiffel Tower
B
What type of bridge best describes the Brooklyn Bridge? A. A truss bridge B. A lenticular bridge C. A suspension bridge that also includes stay cables D. An arch bridge
C
Which of the following is true about the Eiffel Tower? A. It moved to Dijon, France after 20 years B. It was so popular during the World's Fair in Paris that Eiffel recouped the majority of his investment the first year C. The artists and poets in France at the time were very supportive of it D. It was Eiffel's first major engineering structure
B
Which of the following is true? A. A structure is considered structural art if is aesthetically pleasing regardless of the cost B. Structural artists design to meet efficiency, elegance and economy C. Architects by definition are structural artists D. Engineers cannot be structural artists since this is the role of only architects
B
Why did Gustav Eiffel shape the Eiffel Tower the way he did? A. It is reminiscent of the obelisk form B. It follows the moment diagram from wind forces C. The shape resembles the Fleur de Lis from the French Royal Arms D. It ensures that the gravity loads control the design
B
Why was the industrial Revolution important in developing longer span structures? A. Engineers now had access to more stone to build heavy arch bridges B. Metal (iron) became available as a material and power moved from animal driven to steam/coal driven C. Iron workers wanted to advertise their skills so they volunteered to work on iron bridges
B
Which of the following are concrete arch bridges designed by Menn? Select all that apply. A. Plougastel Arch Bridge B. Reichenau Bridge C. Walnut Lane Memorial Bridge D.Salginatobel Bridge E. Crot Bridge F. Nanin Bridge
B E F
Which of the following best describes Robert Maillart? Select ALL that apply A.He had no formal engineering training B. He was the first to use reinforced concrete to it's best advantage in bridges C. He learned from bridges he designed and continued to look for ways to improve future designs D. He preferred the Renaissance look using facades for his bridges E. His ego was such that he would only design bridges for major cities such as Zurich, Switzerland
B and C
Comparing the Eiffel Tower and the Washington Monument, which of the following do they have in common? A. Their design is dominated by resisting wind forces B. They represented their city's stature as a leader of the industrial revolution C. They symbolize the rise of democracy D. They represented a new structural form in an old city
C
David Billington is A. an architectural professor at Princeton B. A well known sculptor C. The engineering professor that defined structural art D. The designer of the Washington Monument
C
On the bridges he designed near the end of his life, Maillart began changing the shape of the cross walls on his arch bridges. What was his main reason for this? A. He was trying to please the art community B. He felt that an "X" shape most closely represented the type of repetition found in nature C. He was looking for a shape that matched the loads (moment diagram) D. The shapes were easier to form with wood
C
What is creep in concrete? A. Continued deformation when all load is removed B. the ability of concrete to go back to its original shape after load is removed C. Continued deformation with load over time D. The effect of large cracks in concrete
C
What is pre-stressed concrete? A. Concrete that is loaded to high stress in the same direction as anticipated loads B. Concrete that undergoes fatigue stresses C. Concrete that is precompressed with reinforcement D. Concrete that has a steel skin around the outside
C
Which is a technical benefit of the "double column" arrangement that Menn used in the Felsenau bridge? A. Double columns are much easier to construct than other options B. Temperature effects don't have to be considered C. It provided a wider launching platform for casting segments during construction by the balanced cantilever method D. The double column is the only option for box beam structures with heavy loads
C
Which of the designers in this section most influenced the concept of Structural Art and learning from previous bridges to improve. A. Brunel B. Stephenson C. Telford
C
Which of the following best describes Thomas Telford? A. All of his bridges included a significant portion of cast iron B. He Avoiding critiquing other's works C. He endeavored to follow the tenants of structural art: Efficiency, Elegance, Economy D. He suffered from low self-esteem
C
Which of the following is NOT an Eiffel Bridge? A. Garabit Viaduct B. Viaduct at Rouzat C. Mungstener D. Pia Maria
C
Which of the following is an example of a way of reducing the amplitude of vibrations in a very tall building? A. Putting the mechanical systems on the roof B. Having columns of varying stiffness around the exterior C. a pendulum with a very heavy metal sphere hanging in the building D. Reinforcing the foundation
C
Which of the following is an important aspect of the story of the Brooklyn Bridge? A. Social Issues B. Symbolic Issues C. All Three: Scientific, Social, Symbolic D. Scientific issues
C
Which of the following was the first major prestressed concrete bridge by Freysinnet? A.Veurdre B. Villenueve-sur-lot C. Luzancy D. Plougastel
C
Which of the following would be an example of an accurate critique of Brunel's Saltash Bridge? A. The bridge was not stout enough to carry the high railway forces along with wind B. The lenticular form is one of the most structural efficient forms C. The form is ambiguous because it is not clear what is the primary load carrying component
C
Why did Maillart move to the "broken arch" design for the Felsegg, Vessy, Lachen, and Garstatt bridges? A. It hid the center hinge of the 3 hinged arch form B. It was more visually appealing to non-engineers C. It more accurately represented the moment diagram D. It was more resistant to avalanches
C
Why does the Washington Monument have a slight change in stone color about one third of the way up from the base? A. Lt. Col. Casey wanted to show a distinct difference between the end of the early construction led by Mills and the new construction that he led B. It's a mystery C. Completion was delayed so long that the original quarry could not be used for the remaining stone D. The upper two thirds of the structure takes higher wind forces
C
With the Salvanei Bridge, Menn moved from the stiffened arch form to a box girder bridge form. What was the primary technical reason he made this change? A. He wanted to be able to design multi-span bridges with all of the spans of the same length B. He thought the box girder bridges were more elegant C. Prestressing allowed him to have long spans with the box beams without needing the arch to support the span D. The box girders were the only option in highly rugged terrain
C
Ulrich Finsterwalder was best known for which two of the following? A. Designing the Wabasha Bridge B. The first prestressed concrete bridge in France C. Introducing post-tensioned cantilever construction D. showing a prestressed concrete bridge could compete with a steel bridge (demonstrated through the New Mangfall Bridge) E. Being Magnel's professor
C and D
If all of the metal in the Eiffel Tower were melted and formed into a solid sphere, what would be the approximate diameter of the sphere? A. 25 meters B. 50 meters C. 100 meters D. 12 meters
D
The Saginatobel Bridge (which is now an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark) is widely considered to be a masterpiece of structural art and Maillart's finest bridge. Maillart did not agree. Why not? A. It was too costly B. It contained too much material C. It was an imitation of the Renaissance period D. The three hinged art form was not clearly represented
D
The death toll in the earthquake in Japan in 2011 was high primarily because of which of the following? A. The meltdown of Fukushima B. Collapsing Bridges C. Collapse of Buildings D. A massive tsunami
D
To be safe, structures are designed to carry more load than they should actually carry. They are also designed to fail preferably in what way if they do reach their limit? A. A brittle failure so that the engineer can precisely predict the failure load B. By progressive collapse C. In torsion since it is a brittle failure D. A ductile failure so their is warning
D
What is Gustave Magnel best known for? A. Developing segmental bridge design B. Designing concrete bridges that were destroyed in World War II C. Having built record bridges with no formal engineering training D. Bringing prestressed concrete to the United States with the Walnut Lane Memorial Bridge
D
What is a cassion? A. A series of piles or poles driven into the ground to support the foundation of a bridge pier (tower) B. A series of cables that are used to lower workers to the base of a bridge pier/tower to remove silt and soil C. A large mat of concrete that "floats" on the soil below to support a bridge pier/tower D. A watertight chamber that keeps out water through air pressure so that construction can take place under water
D
What is a key to the Eiffel Tower being so light for its size? A. Reliance on solid iron members instead of trusses B. The lack of cross-bracing in the structure C. The arch shapes at the base D. Extremely efficient use of material
D
What is an issue with the aesthetics of the Ganter Bridge that deters from its value as Structural Art? A. The lack of symmetry B. The absence of curvature of the roadway that Menn used in his other bridges C. The lack of consideration of the side view of the bridge from afar D. The lack of consideration from the view of a driver crossing the bridge
D
What is the main reason steel reinforcement is used in concrete? A. So that you don't have to use as much form work to cast the concrete B. To provide corrosion protection for the concrete C. To increase the compressive capacity of reinforced concrete D. To increase the tensile capacity of reinforced concrete
D
What types of buildings were most affected in the Mexico City earthquake of 1985? A. Tall buildings above 30 stories B. Short, stiff buildings C. Multi-family dwellings D. Intermediate height buildings (5-15 stories)
D
Where would you put the steel reinforcement in a cantilever beam with a point load at the end? A. Near the bottom of the beam B. As close to the center of the beam as possible C. Reinforcement should not be used in cantilever beams D. Near the top of the beam
D
Which is true of the Eads bridge? A. it was a direct copy of the Koblenz bridge Eads saw in Germany B. The original design was to be by Roebling but Eads had more political clout C. No deaths occurred from cassions disease because Eads knew about it and prevented it D. It was the first significant steel bridge
D
Which of the following is a bridge by Eiffel? A. Brooklyn Bridge B. Bayonne Bridge C. Eads Bridge D. Garabit Viaduct
D
Which of the following is a characteristic of Eiffel's bridges? A. Use of only trusses and no arch forms B. They are all painted red C. Concrete or stone piers (columns) D. Piers (columns) that grew wider toward the base
D
Which of the following is reinforced concrete? A. Concrete with extra rocks B. A concrete beam that sits on top of concrete columns C. A concrete beam that sits on top of steel columns D. Concrete that contains steel bars
D
Which of these elements of the Brooklyn Bridge is in compression? A. The suspenders (hangers) B. The stays C. The main suspension cable D. The towers
D
Why was Freysinnet able to remove most of the creep effect in the bridge after the first 1-2 years and then not have to repeat this every few years for the life of the bridge? A. he knew people would not be monitoring the bridges after the first 1-2 years B. he usually put up an extra support at 1-2 years so that the arches could no longer deflect C. All of the cracking was complete after 1-2 years D. Most of the creep occurs in the first 1-2 years and then the effects taper off
D
A tall building in the United States is designed for the same earthquake loads no matter where it is located True False
False
Modern engineers can't design a skyscraper to resist the impact of a large commercial airplane. True False
False
The Willis (Sears) Tower and the Burj Khalifa have the same basic engineering structural system (bundled tubes). True False
False
Very tall buildings (above 100 stories) can only be constructed from steel (not concrete) frames. True False
False