Cellular Metabolism (chp 4) assignment

The energy held in the bonds between the atoms of molecules is called ___?___ energy

chemical

A nonprotein component that combines with and activates an enzyme is called ?

coenzyme

production of complex carbs, proteins, and triglycerides occurs by the chemical reaction called ___?___ synthesis

dehydration

Name the type of anabolic reaction by which large organic molecules such as glycogen and proteins are produced?

dehydration synthesis

When a chemical bond is broken, ___?___ is released?

energy

A protein that functions as a biological catalyst is called a ?

enzyme

What are transcription factors?

Proteins that move aside histones, exposing the starting point for genes on DNA

Transcription is the process of producing an ___?___ sequence using hte information in ___?___

RNA; DNA

Excess glucose molecules are polymerized to form an energy-storing polysaccharide called ___?___ by liver and muscle cells

glycogen

Liver cells can obtain glucose from the blood and synthesize the energy- storing polysaccharide called

glycogen

Water is used to break down large polymers such as carbohydrates, proteins, and triglycerides into their subunits in a specific type of chemical reaction called a ___?___ reaction

hydrolysis

What is the type of chemical reaction in which large organic molecules such as glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins are broken down in their subunits during digestion?

hydrolysis

A series of chemical reactions called ___?___ pathways are enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur in a specific sequence.

metabolic

The nucleotides forming DNA consists of what three parts?

nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group

At the molecular level, DNA and other nucleic acids consist of building blocks called?

nucleotides

In a metabolic pathway, the ___?___ of one chemical reaction becomes the ___?___ of the next reaction in the pathway

product; substrate

The genetic code is specified by groupings of ___?___ nucleotides, where each grouping determines a particular amino acid that will be inserted into a polypeptide chain

3

A DNA nucleotide contains a 5-carbon ___?___, a ___?___ group, and one of several nitrogenous ___?___

sugar, phosphate, bases

What is the function of enzymes

to control the rate of metabolic reactions

Proteins called ___?___ activate genes that are needed to synthesize proteins needed by a cell

transcription factors

Under aerobic conditions, what is the fate of the electrons carried by NADH?

they are delivered to the electron transport chain

Where is chemical energy held within a molecule?

within chemical bonds

The root an- means ___?___ and the root de- means ?

without; undoing