Cellular Respiration
What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to proceed, but anaerobic respiration does not. Aerobic respiration occurs during photosynthesis, but anaerobic respiration occurs during cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration produces ATP, but anaerobic respiration does not. Aerobic respiration occurs only in living organisms, but anaerobic respiration occurs in nonliving organisms.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to proceed, but anaerobic respiration does not.
A scientist hypothesized that oxygen atoms from both carbon dioxide and water are used to make glucose during photosynthesis. However, experimental results using oxygen isotopes showed that all of the oxygen from the water ended up in the oxygen molecules that were produced. None of the oxygen from water was found in glucose. What should the scientist do to best gain scientific understanding of this topic? Analyze what could have happened, and change the experimental methods to retest the hypotheses in a different way. Discard the faulty results that do not support the original hypothesis, and repeat the experiment using the same methods. Analyze the procedural errors that took place in the experiment, and summarize these in a conclusion statement. Repeat the experiment and adjust new data to support the original hypothesis.
Discard the faulty results that do not support the original hypothesis, and repeat the experiment using the same methods.
Which is an example of why the process of photosynthesis is important to life on Earth? Grass uses photosynthesis to produce glucose, which is used within the grass for growth. Fungi use photosynthesis to decompose dead and decaying plant matter. Cold-blooded animals use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy for cell functions. Green plants use photosynthesis to remove oxygen gas from the atmosphere and replenish the earth's carbon dioxide.
Grass uses photosynthesis to produce glucose, which is used within the grass for growth.
James is making models of plant and animal cells using objects supplied by his teacher to represent organelles. For one cell, he will place the objects in a shoebox. First he fills a balloon with water and places it in the shoe box. He also drops a handful of marbles into the box. Which statement most likely describes the structures he has represented so far? He is making an animal cell. The box is the cell membrane, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the endoplasmic reticulum. He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the tiny ribosomes. He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the nucleus. The marbles are the centrioles. He could be making either a plant or animal cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the centrioles.
He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the tiny ribosomes.
Johannes wants to know whether soil, water, or both are needed for plant growth. He chooses to conduct experiments on a willow tree for five years to answer his question. How can his experimental methods be changed to improve his experiment? He needs to ask scientists what they think. He needs to conduct the experiment for a longer period. He needs to use a larger sample size. He needs to test more factors in the environment.
He needs to use a larger sample size.
If the number of photosynthetic organisms on the earth decreased drastically, which would happen as a result? Less water would be available on the earth's surface. Less solar energy would reach the earth's atmosphere. More oxygen gas would be found in the atmosphere. More carbon dioxide gas would be found in the atmosphere.
More carbon dioxide gas would be found in the atmosphere.
After Frida stops exercising, she continues to breathe heavily. What is most likely occurring in her body? Heavy breathing during exercise has produced an oxygen surplus in her muscles. This oxygen is being transported to her lungs. This is a result of aerobic respiration. Heavy breathing during exercise has produced a carbon dioxide surplus in her muscles. Lactate is being transported to her liver. This is a result of aerobic respiration. Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in carbon dioxide debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration. Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.
Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.
After several miles of running and sprinting in intervals, the runner's muscles ache and feel fatigued. Which is the best explanation for what has occurred? The runner's muscles have accumulated lactic acid. The runner's body has failed to perform cellular respiration. The runner's cells are relying completely on aerobic respiration. The runner's muscles have accumulated carbon dioxide.
The runner's muscles have accumulated lactic acid.
Which component of the earth's atmosphere is decreased due to photosynthesis? ozone oxygen hydrogen peroxide carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
The Venn diagram compares aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Which statement could be categorized only in the anaerobic section of the Venn diagram? is performed by eukaryotes has commercial uses regenerates NADH occurs in the mitochondria
has commercial uses
In which situation would it be least likely for a scientist to revise her experimental methods? if her results support her hypothesis if her data do not support her hypothesis if no conclusions can be drawn from the data if results are the same after repeating the procedure
if her data do not support her hypothesis
Consider this animal cell. Which organelles are labeled G? centrioles lysosomes endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria
mitochondria
Which organelle breaks down sugar molecules that supply energy to the cell? Golgi apparatus nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion
mitochondrion
Which organelle makes the proteins that are needed by the cell? cell membrane Golgi apparatus ribosomes nucleus
ribosomes
Consider this plant cell. Which organelle is labeled A? nucleus vacuole ribosome mitochondrion
vacuole
Chemical reaction equations, such as the one for photosynthesis, show the reactants and products of a reaction. How does this simplification misrepresent what takes place during the process of photosynthesis? It does not show where in a cell photosynthesis occurs. It does not show how long photosynthesis takes to happen. It does not show that photosynthesis consists of many separate reactions. It does not show the number of molecules required to produce glucose.
It does not show that photosynthesis consists of many separate reactions.
What role does cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle? It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during glycolysis. It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle. It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation. It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during electron transport.
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation.
What role does cellular respiration play in the water cycle? It removes H2O from the atmosphere during glycolysis. It removes H2O from the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation. It releases H2O to the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle. It releases H2O to the atmosphere during electron transport.
It removes H2O from the atmosphere during glycolysis.
Which process connects glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? lactic acid formation acetyl CoA formation electron transport Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle
Which statement best describes the relationship of photosynthesis and energy? The process of photosynthesis is energy-storing because the process converts light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose. The process of photosynthesis is energy-releasing because the process converts light energy into free energy that can be used for cell functions. The process of photosynthesis is energy-conserving because no energy is used throughout the process of forming glucose and oxygen molecules. The process of photosynthesis is energy-wasting because photosynthesis is an inefficient process that depletes the cell of energy stored in the bonds of glucose.
The process of photosynthesis is energy-storing because the process converts light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose.
Consider this animal cell. Which organelle is labeled H? cell membrane cell wall endoplasmic reticulum nucleus
cell membrane
The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched. Functions of Organelles Chloroplast-Stores water and waste materials Cell wall-Supports cell membrane, maintains cell shape, and protects cell Cell membrane-Breaks down waste materials and debris Vacuole-Produces proteins for the cell Which organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function? chloroplast cell wall cell membrane vacuole
cell wall
Which plant-cell organelle supports and maintains the cell's shape and protects the cell from damage? cell membrane cell wall chloroplast vacuole
cell wall
Which organelles are found only in plant cells and not in animal cells? cell membrane, vacuole cell wall, chloroplasts cell wall, vacuole cell membrane, chloroplasts
cell wall, chloroplasts
During which process is water produced? alcohol fermentation acetyl CoA formation electron transport chain citric acid cycle
electron transport chain
