Cellular Structure and Function

Cells are busy making what 3 things?

1. Make energy 2. Make Proteins 3. Make more cells

Cell Theory: 3 Main Ideas

1.All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3 New cells come from existing cells.

Cell Theory and the MIcroscope

Advances in technology like this piece of equipment made the discovery of cells possible.

Animal cells have all of the following except which of the fllowing 2 structures? A. lysosome B. cell wall C. cell membrane D. ribosome E. central vacuole

B. cell wall E. central vacuole

What do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common?

Both have genetic material, a cell (plasma) membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm

What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

True or False: Most cells have a membrane, but some do not.

False

True or False: Only animal cells have mitochondria.

Falso, both animal and plant cells have mitochondria.

Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?

The cell lacks a nucleus.

True or False: Cells contain a huge array of working parts.

True

True or False: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier called a cell membrane.

True

True or False: Viruses are not made up of cells. Therefore, viruses are not considered to be living things.

True

Robert Hooke

Used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them "cells."

Levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, multicellular organism

Lysosome

breaks down and removes debris from the cell, like the maintenance crew

Ribosomes

build proteins, found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory? a. Cells are the basic units of life. b. All living things are made of cells. c. Very few cells are able to reproduce. d. All cells are produced from existing cells.

c. Very few cells are able to reproduce.

According to the cell theory, all cells come from existing ____________________.

cells

What structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

chloroplast, cell wall, central vacuole

Cell Membrane

controls what goes in and out of a cell, like security at a factory

homeostasis

describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism

Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus? a. prokaryotes b. bacteria c. eukaryotes d. viruses

eukaryotes

Cytoplasm

jelly like substance that holds the organelles in place throughout the cell

Depending on whether they have a ____________________, unicellular organisms are classified as either eukaryotes or prokaryotes.

nucleus (and membrane-bound organelles)

Vacuole

sac used for storage of waste, water, or materials needed by the cell

Chloroplast

site of photosynthesis: turns energy into food --> transforming energy

Nucleus

storage area for the cell's genetic material, directs the cell's activities

cell walls

strong rigid layer that supports, protects, and shapes the plant cell

Mitochondria

used to supply energy for the cell