Cessna 172
Dew point cooling rate
1 degree F per 1000 FT
Fuel
100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (BLUE)
Prop Ground Clearance
11 1/4"
Hanscom TOWER
118.5
Baggage Allowance
120 lbs
Transponder - VFR
1200
Class G weather minimums
1200 ft or less above the surface regardless of MSL, Day 1SM clear of clouds, Night 3SM 500/1000/2000 but can operate clear of clouds when visibility is less than 3SM but more than 1SM in an airport traffic pattern and within 1/2NM of the runway; more than 1200 ft above surface but less than 10000 MSL, Day 1SM 500/1000/2000, Night 3SM 500/1000/2000; more than 1200 above the surface and at or above 10000 MSL, 5SM 1000/1000/1SM
Hanscom GROUND
121.7
EFAS station
122.0 below FL180
Speed, Cruise, 75% Power at 8500 FT
124 KTS
KBED ATIS
124.6
Speed - Max at Sea Level
126 KTS
Signature
130.80
Service Ceiling
14,000 FT
Standard Empty Weight
1663 lbs
Wing Area
174 sq ft
Engine
180 HP @ 2700 RPM Lycoming
Minimum altitude over national wildlife refuges
2000 AGL
Aircraft speed
250KT when flying below 10000MSL and in class B, 200KT when flying under class B, 200KT when at or below 2500AGL and within 4NM of the primary class C or class D airport
Max Weight
2550 lbs
Length
27'-2"
Minimum Turning Radius
27'-5 1/2"
Wing Span
36'-1"
Class C weather minimums
3SM, 500 ft below/1000 ft above/2000 ft from
Class D weather minimums
3SM, 500 ft below/1000 ft above/2000 ft from
Class B weather minimums
3SM, clear of clouds
Stall Speed - Flaps Down, Power Off
48 KCAS
Cooling rate for air in a convective current
5.4 degrees F per 1000 FT
Range at 75% Power at 8500 FT
518 NM
Stall Speed - Flaps Up, Power Off
53 KCAS
A/FDs are published every:
56 days
Fuel Capacity
56 gal, 53 gal usable
Outlook briefing
6 or more hours before proposed departure time
Range at 45% Power at 10,000 FT
638 NM
Rate of Climb at Sea Level
730 FPM
Hijacking
7500
Propeller
76 inches
Lost communications
7600
Transponder - Communications Failure
7600
Emergency
7700
Transponder - Emergency
7700
Military interceptor
7777
Oil Capacity
8 qts
Max Useful Load
895 lbs
Wind speed code for winds aloft when the wind is less than 5KT
9900
Warning airspace areas contain:
Activity that may be hazardous to non-participating aircraft. Warning areas extend from 3NM outwards from the US coast. A warning area may be located over domestic air or international waters or both.
ARROW
Airworthiness certificate, registration certificate, radio station license, operating limitations, weight and balance data
Pitot static system
Altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator (ram air)
Mode C requirements
At or above 10000 MSL except in that airspace below 2500 AGL; within 30NM of class B; within and above a class C; into within or across the U.S. ADIZ
METAR
Aviation routine weather report
Alcohol
Below .04 and no alcohol within 8 hours.
Military training routes are established:
Below 10000MSL for operations at speeds in excess of 250KT. IR means the routes are made in accordance with IFR. VR means VFR. MTRs with one or more segments above 1500AGL have 3 digit numbers and MTRs with no segments above 1500AGL are identified by a four digit number.
Class E airspace shading marks the lower limit of the airspace
The surface in areas marked by dashed magenta lines, 700 ft AGL in areas marked by shaded magenta lines, 1200 AGL in areas marked by shaded blue lines, 1200 AGL in areas defined as Federal Airways. If not defined, the floor of Class E begins at 14,500 MSL or 1200 AGL - whichever is higher
Convective SIGMETs include:
Tornadoes, Lines of thunderstorms, Embedded thunderstorms, thunderstorm areas greater than or equal to thunderstorm intensity level 4 with an area coverage of 40% or more, hail greater than or equal to 3/4in diameter
Steady precipitation preceding a front
Usually an indication of a warm front, which results from warm air being cooked from the bottom by colder air
Density Altitude
Varies directly with temperature and humidity, and varies inversely with barometric pressure
Normal Ground Attitude
Wings Level, 2" of Strut
Military operations areas (MOAs) denote:
areas of military training activities
VOR is depicted as a:
hexagon with a dot in the center
VORTAC is depicted as a:
hexagon with a dot in the center and a small solid rectangle attached to three of the six sides
VOR/DME is depicted as a:
hexagon within a square
Yellow arc
Caution range
Federal airways
Class E airspace extending upwards from 1200 AGL to and including 17999 MSL. Within parallel boundary lines 4NM on each side of the airway centerline
Weather reporting station circle
Clear/open, overcast/solid, scattered/ 1/4 solid, broken/ 3/4 solid, obscured/X
Unstable air characteristics
Cumuliform clouds, turbulent air, good visibility, showery precipitation
Lapse rate
Decrease in temperature with increase in altitude
How are lines of longitude and latitude divided?
Each degree subdivided into 60 equal segments called minutes; i.e. 1/2 degree is 30'
Night
End of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight
Restricted airspace areas denote:
Existence of unusual, often invisible hazards to aircraft such as military firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles
Mountain wave turbulence
Expect mountain wave turbulence when the air is stable and winds of 40KT or greater blow across a mountain or ridge
Winds aloft greater than 100KT are calculated how?
Forecaster adds 50 to direction and subtract 100 from the speed. Example: 730649 73-50=230 at 06+100=106 at -49 degrees celsius
Thunderstorms
Form when there is: sufficient water vapor, an unstable lapse rate, an initial upward boost to start the process
Advection fog
Forms as a result of moist air condensing as it moves over a cooler surface
Requesting telephone weather briefing
Identify: yourself as a pilot, your intended route, your intended destination, whether VFR or IFR, type of aircraft, proposed departure time and time en route
Class E weather minimums
Less than 10000 MSL, 3SM, 500 ft below/1000 ft above/2000 ft from; at or above 10000 MSL, 5SM, 1000 ft below/1000 ft above/1SM from
Cumulonimbus clouds
Lifting action, unstable air, and moisture are the ingredients for formation
Va
Maneuvering speed (maximum speed for flight in turbulent air)
Vfe
Maximum full flaps extended speed
Vno
Maximum structural cruising speed for normal operation
Lenticular clouds
May contain winds of 50KT or more
AIRMETs apply to light aircraft to notify of:
Moderate icing, moderate turbulence, visibility less than 3SM or ceilings less than 1000FT, sustained winds of 30KT or more at the surface, extensive mountain obscurement
Radiation fog
Most likely to occur when there is a clear sky, little or no wind, and a small temperature/dew point spread
Weather depiction charts
NEED TO LEARN THESE
Flight service station call sign
Name of FSS followed by "radio"
En route flight advisory service call sign
Name of air route traffic control center followed by "flight watch"
Red radial line (Vne)
Never exceed speed
SPECI
Non routine weather report
Squall line
Non-frontal narrow band of thunderstorms, usually ahead of a cold front
Class A weather minimums
Not applicable
Minimum altitude over congested and non-congested areas
Over congested areas, 1000 ft above highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2000 ft; otherwise, 500 ft
PIREP
Pilot weather report
Vso
Power off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in landing position
Vs1
Power off stalling speed with wing flaps up and landing gear retracted
High density altitude
Reduced overall airplane performance
Structural icing
Requires: flight through visible moisture, and the temperature at freezing or below
Upslope fog
Results from warm, moist air being cooked as it is forced up sloping terrain
SIGMETs include:
Severe or extreme turbulence or clear air turbulence (CAT) not associated with thunderstorms, severe icing not associated with thunderstorms, duststorms, sandstorms, or volcanic ash lowering visibility to less than 3SM, volcanic eruption
Stable air characteristics
Stratiform clouds, smooth air, fair to poor visibility in haze and smoke, continuous preciptiation
Abbreviated briefing
Supplement mass disseminated data, update a previous briefing, or be limited to specific information
Temperature inversion
Temperature increases as altitude increases, usually resulting in a layer of stable air
