CGS Exam 1

Define burning and ripping

-"Ripping" means to copy the data from the disk and writing it onto your computer's hard drive. -"Burning" refers to the process of writing data onto a CD.

Bus

-A bus is channel over which information flows. -The most important bus is the oneconnecting the central processing unit tothe memory. Some call this the system bus or the front side bus.

Explain memory and disk cache

-A disk cache is a cache memory that is used to speed up the process of storing and accessing data from the host hard disk. -It enables faster processing of reading/writing, commands and other input and output process between the hard disk, the memory and computing components.

Bus Width

-Bus width is the amount of data that can be transmitted at a given time. -The wider the bus, the more information that can travel along the bus, which creates faster transmission speeds. -measured in bits

Define FireWire port

-External connector, similar to a USB port, that provides a high-speed connection between a computer and peripheral devices -developed by apple

Data Bus vs Address Bus

-The data bus transmits actual data. -The address bus transfers information and instructions about where the data should go inside the digital device.

Describe a supercomputer

-a computer that performs at the highest operational rate for computers. -Supercomputers have been used for scientific and engineering applications that must handle very large databases

Define Blu-ray

-a format of DVD designed for the storage of high-definition video and data. -can store up to 50 GB of data.

Describe an embedded computer

-a microprocessor-based system, specially designed to perform a specific function and belong to a larger system. -Examples: digital cameras, mobile phones, music players, specialist IT hardware (such as networking hardware) etc

Define DVD

-a type of compact disc able to store large amounts of data, especially high-resolution audiovisual material. -can store up to 8.5 GB of data.

Define ROM (Read Only Memory)

-a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. -Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device

Define IrDA (Infrared Data Association)

-device manufacturers that developed a standard for transmitting data via infrared light waves. -Increasingly, computers and other devices (such as printers) come with IrDA ports. This enables you to transfer data from one device to another without any cables.

Gigahertz (GHz)

-equal to one billion cycles (or instructions) per second. -The speed of most modern processors is measured in gigahertz

Megahertz (MHz)

-equal to one million cycles (or instructions) per second.

Define an Ethernet port

-looks much like a regular phone jack, but it is slightly wider. -This port can be used to connect your computer to another computer, a local network, or an external DSL or cable modem. -used for local area networks or for connecting devices in home networks.

Describe what is meant by the term "computer hardware"

-physical parts of a computer system. This includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. -It also includes all the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard disk drive, motherboard, video card, etc

Define downward (backward) compatible

-refers to a hardware or software system that can use the interface of an older version of the same product. -A new standard product or model is considered backward compatible when it is able to read, write or view older formats.

machine cycle

-the basic operation performed by a central processing unit (CPU). -A machine cycle consists of a sequence of three steps that is performed continuously and at a rate of millions per second while a computer is in operation.

Boot Process

-the loading of an operating system into main memory of a device. -Consists of 4 steps: 1. The device is powered on and the CPU activates BIOS 2. The Power-On Self-Test is executed 3. The OS is loaded into RAM 4. The OS checks the registry settings and loads saved configuration settings

Define RAM (Random Access Memory)

-the memory or information storage in a computer that is used to store running programs and data for the programs. -Found in servers, PCs, tablets, smartphones and other devices, such as printers. Normally, in the form of computer chips.

Hertz (Hz)

-used to measure frequency, or how often something occurs -One hertz equals one cycle per second.

Which of these extensions, if you open it, will probably install software onto your computer? Be careful!

.exe

Identify various sizes of RAM

16mb, 32mb,64mb, 128mb, 512mb, 1Gb and 2Gb

Most new laptop computers come with how much storage?

256 GB - 1 TB

When you buy a new laptop, how much RAM should it come with?

4-8 GB

A typical laptop has a storage capacity of approximately ____ .

500 GB - 1 TB

single-core processors

A chip with one CPU. a microprocessor with a single core on a chip, running a single thread at any one time.

Define disk cache

A portion of RAM used to speed up access to data on a disk

To remove a file from one folder and place it in another, click on the item and press ___, then move your cursor to the new location and press CTRL + V.

CTRL + X

An attack on a network that is designed to interrupt or stop network traffic by flooding it with too many requests is called a _____ attack.

DDoS

Which of the following Internet services tends to provide the most consistent speeds?

DSL

If you see the extension .xlsx, you know that you are looking at a(n) ___ file.

Excel

A quick way to rename files or folders in Windows is to select the item and then press the ___ key.

F2

You created a flyer and saved it in your Documents folder. To find this file you could open Cortana (in Windows 10) and type the flyer's name in the search window, or you could click on the ___ icon (all Windows versions, on your toolbar) and access the Documents folder from there.

File Explorer

A protocol commonly used to transfer large files from one server to another on the Internet is the ___

File Transfer Protocol

ISP stands for:

Internet Service Provider

A switch distinguishes between various devices within a network by their __ addresses.

MAC

The 2 most common audio file formats are WAV and ___ .

MP4

Megahertz is equal to one _____ cycles (or instructions) per second

Million

Software comes in various categories. One category is system software, which provides the instructions that hardware needs to operate (iOS, Android, Windows, etc.). Another category is game software (League of Legends, Hearthstone, Angry Birds, etc.). Another category of software includes applications such as Office 365, iWork, QuickBooks, Google docs, etc. This software is referred to as ___ software.

Productivity

This type of touchscreen uses a single metallic-coated panel and uses electricity to calculate touch points?

Projective Capacitive

Because they have no mechanically moving parts, ___ provide extremely fast, efficient storage.

SSDs

Which of the following refers to the distribution of computer applications over the Internet and is commonly referred to as web apps?

SaaS

What group determines the standards for the World Wide Web?

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Spam messages are sometimes referred to as ___.

UBE

One type of storage device is a ___ .

USB drive

WWW stands for ___ ___ ___ .

World Wide Web

One emerging data storage challenge is the incredible amount of video being uploaded to ___

YouTube

Identify a two-in-one computer

a portable computer that has features of both tablets and laptops. detachable, laptop tablet, is a portable computer that has features of both tablets and laptops.

Identify a media player

a type of application software for playing multimedia computer files like audio and video files.

Combining the power of a desktop with a neat, clean, look ____ computers are popular with businesses. Their lack of expandability make them less popular with serious gamers though.

all in one

Describe the system unit of a computer

also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a desktop computer. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other components

Describe a mainframe computer

are powerful computers used for large information processing jobs. They are mainly used by government institutions and large companies for tasks

A transmission medium's capacity is called its _____.

bandwidth

Represented as either a 0 or 1, a ____ is the smallest unit of data a computer can process.

bit

Because its radio waves pass through walls or desktops, ___ - capable devices are becoming very popular.

bluetooth

The number of instructions the CPU can process per second is dictated by the ___ speed of the processor.

clock

Define MIDI port (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices for playing, editing and recording music.

A site on the Windows operating system where you can uninstall programs, adjust settings, and manage tasks is the _____.

control panel

Identify the four basic computing functions

data input, processing, output and storage

Which of the following would be considered a cybercrime?

data manipulation

A ___ name identifies a server site on the Internet.

domain

A URL identifies a particular __ address on the World Wide Web.

file

In order to keep your files organized, it's a good idea to create ___ and place your files in them.

folders

A desktop computer's RAM is measured in __ of data.

gigabytes

The act of hacking, or breaking into a computer system, for a politically or socially motivated purposes is called _____.

hacktivism

The cost of an SSD is ____ than the cost of a traditional hard drive.

higher

When determining how much cell phone data you need it is important to consider ___

how much data you currently use

Josh is taking an Intro to Computers course and needs to use Microsoft Office to complete a variety of assignments. He has purchased the software, now he must _____ it so he can start his assignments.

install

A form of spyware that records all actions typed on a keyboard is called a _____ logger.

keystroke

A short (simple text) email uses about one ___ of data.

kilobyte

L1 cache

located directly on the processor itself

L3 cache

located next to the processor

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___ . Group of answer choices

not saved

A storage device that uses lasers to read CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs is referred to as a(n) ___ .

optical drive

Many manufacturers have made a(an)_____ optional equipment when purchasing a new laptop computer.

optical drives

With regard to digital storage, RAID stands for ___ .

redundant array of independent discs

If you accidentally delete a file it's not lost forever! Just go to your recycle bin, select the item, and click ___ .

restore

To look for a file or folder in Windows 10, just type the file name in the __ box.

search

The two major concerns regarding cloud storage are reliability and ___ .

security

Resolution refers to the _____ and clarity of an image.

sharpness

A processor comprised of one control unit and one ALU is called a ____ .

single-core processor

Data from the hard drive reaches the CPU ___ than data from the RAM.

slower

An unsolicited email message is called _____.

spam

Define cache

stores recently used information so that it can be quickly accessed at a later time

Define a processor (CPU: central processing unit)

the electronic circuitry within a computer that executes instructions that make up a computer program.

Define overclocking

the practice of increasing the clock rate of a computer to exceed that certified by the manufacturer.

Define clock speed

the rate at which it performs internal operations and expressed in cycles per second (megahertz).

Often accompanying downloaded music or apps, programs that appear to be legitimate, but executes an unwanted activity when activated is called a _____.

trojan horse

Define multi-core processors

two or more processors have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks

Describe VGA connectors (video graphics array)

type of computer cable that carries visual display data from the CPU to the monitor.

Many computers today use _____ which is a coding scheme using at least 16 bits to represent a character. Group of answer choices

unicode

Tiffany has purchased a new laptop. She noticed many unwanted programs came pre-installed on her laptop. She wants to ___ the programs from her device so they do not take up storage space.

uninstall

Persistent cookies store information about

user preferences

Define optical drive

uses a laser light to read data from or write data to an optical disc. These include CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

If you buy a new computer game that emphasizes graphics, or new photo/video editing software for your desktop computer, you may want to purchase a new ___ card.

video

Software that infects a computer and is created using computer code is called a computer _____.

virus

A destructive program that replicates itself throughout a single computer or across a network is called a _____.

worm