CH 0: Concept of Programming Languages
Low-level language
A language that is close to the machine's native instructions (like assembly), offering direct hardware control but requiring more detailed, manual programming.
High-level language
A programming language that is closer to human language, easy to read and write, and requires compilation or interpretation to run on hardware.
Yukihiro Matsumoto a.k.a Matz
Chief Designer of Ruby
Dennis M. Ritchie & Kenneth Thompson
Co-inventors of UNIX OS, Thompson invented B and Ritchie invented C
Alan Mathison Turing
Father of theoretical CS and AI, influenced the development of theoretical cs, providing a formalization of concepts of algorithms and computation with the Turing machine(general-purpose computer)
Larry Wall
Inventor and developer of Perl
James Gosling
Inventor of Java
Anders Hejlsberg
Inventor of Turbo Pascal, Core Developer of TypeScript Superset of Javascript
Pater Naur
Inventor of the formal syntax notation that bears his name (the Backus-Naur Format or BNF)
Guido Van Rossum
Inventor/Chief Developer of Python
Chris Lattner
Leading author of LLVM, Compiler Clang
programming language
a set of instructions written by a programmer to deliver instructions to the computer to perform and accomplish a task.
Brian Kernighan
co-invented the C language with Ritchie, contributed to the UNIX programming environment, and co-authored "The Go Programming Language" book.
John McCarthy
coined the term "artificial intelligence", developed the LISP programming language family, introduced garbage collection, and significantly influenced the design of ALGOL.
Alain Colmerauer
creator of the logic programming language Prolog, making him one of the main founders of logic-based programming.
Charles Babbage
father of computers, credited with inventing the first mechanical computer
John Backus
inventor of FORTRAN, the first widely-used high-level programming language, and he also developed Backus-Naur Form (BNF), a formal notation for describing the syntax of programming languages.
Bjarne Stroustrup
inventor of the C++ programming language, which extends C by adding object-oriented programming features like classes and inheritance.
Alan Kay
one of the inventors of the Smalltalk programming language, a father of object-oriented programming, and conceived the Dynabook concept
Rob Pike
one of the three developers of the Go Programming Language, the chief contributor to the Limbo programming language, and a former member of the Unix team
John von Neumann
pioneer who developed the Von Neumann architecture, promoted the stored program concept, and contributed to the mathematical foundations of quantum physics, game theory, and self-replication.
Jaquard Machine
the control unit (the mechanism using punched cards to automate actions).
Jacquard Loom
the full weaving system, which includes the loom (weaving hardware) plus the Jacquard machine
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace
who wrote the first algorithm intended for a machine (Babbage's Analytical Engine), making her the world's first computer programmer.
