Ch 1-4 (Exam 1)

coding system

ASCII< EBCDIC and UNIcode are examples of...

Processing speed

CPU clock speed is one measurement- rated in megahertz or gigahertz

megahertz or gigahertz

One measurement of the processing speed of a CPU is the CPU clock speed, which is typically rated in...

Volatile

Registers, cache and RAM are.... Any data they are storing is lost if the system looses power

DPI (dots per inch

a measurement of the output quality of a printer

optical mouse

a mouse that tracks movements with light instead of a ball

Storage medium & storage device

a storage system consists of...

pipelining

a technique that allows a CPU to work on more than one instruction (or stage of processing) at a time, thereby CPU performance

random access

allows data to be retrieved from any location on the storage medium

trackball

an input device that looks like an upside-down mouse with the ball on top

barcode

an optical code that represents data with bars of varying widths or heights

biometric readers

are used to input data about a person into a computer system so that the individual can be identified based on a particular unique physiological characteristic

data recovery experts

can recover data from damaged storage devices,

source data automation

captures data directly from a source document

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

coding system for personal computers

hybrid hard drive

combination of flash memory and magnetic hard drive, allows encryption to be built into the drive

Random access memory (RAM)

computers main memory. stores essential parts of operating system, programs, and data computer is currently using- memory is erased when the power goes out

flash memory

consists of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by the computer or the user, represents data using electrons

RFID (radio frequency identification) tag

contain tiny chips and radio antennas, can be attached to objects that need to be tracked

liquid cooling systems

cool the computer with liquid filled tubes

flatbed scanner

designed to scan flat objects one page at a time

file system

determine that partition size, cluster size, maximum drive size , and maximum file size

speeding up

dick caching is a strategy for____ hard drive performance

flash memory cards

digital cameras generally use _____ for storage

partitioning

divides the physical capacity of a single drive logically into separate areas

sectors

each hard disk is divided into pie-shaped groups of ______

bus

electronic path data travels around the motherboard on ...

Solid-state drives (SSD)

hard drives that use flash memory technology instead of magnetic technology to store data

medium

hardware where data is stored

OMR (optical mark recognition) devices

input data from special forms to score or tally exams, questionnaires, ballots and so forth

UNIcode

international coding standard designed to represent text-based data written in any language

barcodes

machine readable code that represent data as a set of bars

disk cache

memory used in conjunction with a magnetic hard drive to improve system performance

RAID (redundant arrays of independant discs

method of storing data on two or more hard drives that work together to do the job of a larger drive

fans

on most personal computers to help cool the CPU and system unit

magnetic hard drives

one or more permanently sealed metal magnetic disks with an access mechanism and read/write heads

recordable optical discs

optical discs that can only be written to once

control unit/ ALU Registers

part of the central processing unit

magnetic tape

plastic tape coated with a magnetizable substance that represents the bits and bytes of digital data

laser

printers standard for business documents and come in both personal and network styles

network storage

remote storage via local network

sequential access

retrieval of data can occur only in the order in which it was physically stored on the storage medium

heat sinks

small components typically made out of aluminum with fins that help to dissipate heat

OCR (optical character recognition)

software that is used in conjunction with the scanner to input the scanner text as individual text characters

Cache Memory

special group of very fast memory chips located on to close to the CPU. more means faster processing

Moore's Law

states that the number of transistors per square inch on an integrated circuit will double every two years

network attached storage (NAS)

storage servers that are individually connected to a network to provide storage to that network

system unit

the ______ is the box that contains the central electronic components of the computer

motherboard

the main circuit board inside the system unit

bluetooth

the medium used to connect wireless display devices

system clock

the metronome, or drummer, of your computer. All the CPU's activities occur in time with its beat

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

the primary processor

Bit

the smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize

seek time

the time required to more the read/write heads to a cylinder that contains the desired data on a farm drive

what are folders

to keep files organized, related documents are often stored in _______

disk access time

total time it takes for a hard drive to read or write data

solid state drives

use flash memory technology, use less power and have no moving parts

hard drive

used to store most data and programs

remote storage

using a storage device not directly connected to the computer being used

biometric

your finger prints, the irises and retinas of your eyes, and your facial geometry are unique. As such, this ____ data can be used to identify you