CH 1: Information Systems in Global Business Today

World Wide Web

A system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting and displaying information in a networked environment.

Complementary Assets

Additional assets required to derive value from a primary investment

Information Technology (IT)

All the hardware and software technologies a firm needs to achieve its business objectives

Business Model

An abstraction of what an enterprise is and how the enterprise delivers a product or service, showing how to enterprise creates wealth

Intranet

An internal network based on Internet and World Wide Web technology and standards

Information Systems Literacy

Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers

Information Technology Infrastructure

Computer hardware, software, data, storage technology, and networks providing a portfolio of shared IT resources for the organization

Information

Data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings

Computer Software

Detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the work of computer hardware components in an information system

Internet

Global network of networks using universal standard to connect millions of different networks

Information System

Interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.

Organizational and Mangement Capital

Investments in organization and management such as new business processes, management behavior, organizational culture, or training

Computer Literacy

Knowledge about information technology, focusing on understanding of how computer-based technologies work

Digital Firm

Organization where nearly all significant business processes and relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled, and key corporate assets are managed through digital means

Feedback

Output that is returned to the appropriate member son the organization to help them evaluate or correct input

Senior Management

People occupying the topmost hierarchy in an organization who are responsible for making long-range decisions

Knowledge Workers

People such as engineers or architects who design products or services and create knowledge for the organization

Data Workers

People such as secretaries or bookkeepers who process the organizations paperwork

Production or Service Workers

People who actually produce the products or services of the organization

Operational Management

People who monitor the day-to-day activities of the organization

Networking and Telecommunications Technology

Physical devices and software that link various computer hardware components and transfer data from one physical location to another

Computer Hardware

Physical equipment used for input, processing, and output actives in an information system

Extranet

Private internet that is accessible to authorized outsiders

Sociotechnical View

Seeing systems as composed of both technical and social elements

Data Management Technology

Software governing the organization of data on physical storage media

Business Functions

Specialized tasks performed in a business organizations, including manufacturing and production, sales and marketing, finance and accounting, and human resources

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Specific category of information system providing reports on organizational performance to help middle management monitor and control the business

Data

Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a from the people can understand and use

Input

The capture or collection of raw data from within the organization or from its external environment for processing in an information system

Processing

The conversion, manipulation, and analysis of raw input into a form that is more meaningful to humans

Output

The distribution of processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used

Network

The linking of two or more computers to share data or resources, such as a printer

Culture

The set of fundamental assumptions about what products the organization should produce, how and where it should produce them and from whom they should be produced

Business Processes

The unique ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, information and knowledge to produce a product or service