ch. 1 questiosn

John Tyndall's experiment in the 1800 showed that live microorganism remained in some broths even after they been boiled for 5 hours. This observation can be explained by the presence of heat-resistant form of bacteria called an ENDOSPORE.

ENDOSPORE.

Is the domain of organism whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles?

Eukaryotes

which of the following cells has a defined nucleus and various organelles?

Eukaryotic cells

The principle that microorganims cause certain disease is called the

Germ theory of disease

In research bacteria often serve as ___________, meaning that they are studied as a means to better understand processes fundamental to higher life forms

MODEL ORGANIMS

Which of the following describes how fungi gain energy?

They degrade organic materials with enzymes

which disease are due to orgnaims jumping from a animal host to human hosts

emerging

is the process used in the manufacture of yogurt and cheese, and beer

fermentation

For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part indicates the

genus

the term _______ refers to a multicellur parasite such as tapeworm or round worm

hekminth

Louis Pasteur

helped disprove spontaneous generation

Another name for the microscopic filaments of molds is?

hyphae

Prions are

infectious proteins

An infectious diseases that has become more common in the last 35 years is referred to as an

merging infectious disease

When scientists share their work in journals, they are communicating the

method, conclusion, and results.

compared to the diversity of plants and aniamls, microbes as a group are

more diverse

organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed

normal flora

A ___ is the term used for only disease causing orgnaims

pathogens

which disease has been neraly eliminated due to vaccination

polio

Like plants some microorganism

produce O2 are photosynthetic

which of the following has a nucleoid region?

prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotes such as algae and protozoa are also referred to as?

protists

Fungi obtain nutrients by

secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment

The species names of Escherichia coli. and Escherichia vulneris reflect the

site where the organism may be found

what is the shared feature of all microbes?

small size

John needhams experiments in the 1700s showed that microoragnaisms grew in broths that had been boiled and sealed with a cork. Later experiments showed that the growth was not due

spontaneous generation

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as

spontaneous generation

Members of the genus Staphylococcus often referred to by the informal name?

staphlyococci

to indicate slight differences, members of the same species may be given special

strain designations

if cattle, sheep, and deer didnt have a microbe free digestive tract they would

strave

The genus names Pasteurella and Escherichia originate from

the name of the scientist

Prions are misfolded protein that cause

the normal version of the protein to also misfold

when extensive amounts of experimental evidence supports a hypothesis, the explanation may become scientific

theory

True or False: travelers and immigrants can contribute to disease emergence

true

True or false : we could not survive without microorganism, but they can also be harmful

true

True or false: without microorganisms we would run out of certain nutrients

true

true or false early exposure to certain commorn organims can actually protect humans from asthma and various allergies

true

Which is true regarding scientific names (developed by carl linneaus)

•scientific names are italicized or underlined •genus names are commonly abbreviated

Which of the following disease are newly emerged?

- hepatitis c -HIV/AIDS -Ebola

microbes are useful in the study of higher life forms for which reason

- it is cheaper - microbes multiply quickly - they have the basic same metabolic mechanisms

The domains ________ and _____ are made up of prokaryotes?

-Archarea -Bacteria

Viruses are

-acellular (only dna or rna, not both, are not true cells) - viruses are smaller than most bacteria (1,000 x smaller) - Viruses are nonliving (

The scientific process involves a series of steps. what is the order

1. make an obervation about something and ask a question 2. develop an experiment and then devise an experiment to test this eplanation 4. draw a conclusion

which organisms typically lack a membrane- bound nucleus?

-Archarea -Bacteria

which type of microorganism have cells that typically lack membrane bound organelles

-Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following can be infected by viruses?

-Bateria -Animals -Plants

Members of which domain can be infected by viruses?

-Eukarya -Archaea -Bacteria

Which of the following are long established microbial diseases?

-Malaria _Tuberculosis

A significant difference in which of the following characteristic proves the basis for seperating archeea and bacteria

-habitats - ribosomal RNA sequences - cell wall composition

Viroid

-it contains RNA -It can infect plants

Protozoa

-most are motile - they can be found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats - single cell eukaryotes

disease can reemerge as a result of

-parents not getting children vaccinated - pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications

Characteristics of archea that are similar to bacteria include all of the following except

-shapes -method o mutliplication -prokaryotic cell structure -energy sources used -ribosomal rna sequences answer is Rna sequence

which of the following diseases has been eradicated from the Earth?

-small pox

All of these products are produced through the metabolism of bacteria except which of the following

-synthetic wood -cellulose used in stereo headsets - antibiotics -ethanol as a biofeul answer is syntheic wood

which of the following are parasitic helminths?

-tapeworms -round worms -Flukes

Which are classified as an acellular infectious agents?

-viruses - viroids - prions

Which of the following is a single celled fungus

Yeast

Benefits of normal microbiota include all except which of the following?

a) They out-complete pathogens for space b) Bacteria degrade foods that our intestines cannt digest c) They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of all microbes

which describes bacteria?

a. shapes include rod-shaped, spherical, spiral b. they multiply by binary fusion c.most cause serious diseases d. some obtain energy from sources not used by plants and animals e.some obtain energy from sunlight f. some obtain energy from foods similar to human food answer: a,b,d,e,f

all of the following are factors that account for the mergence of new diseases in developed countries are

A. changing lifestyles of humans B. Surbanan expansion into rural areas C. change in the organisms DNA D. parents don't have their children vaccinated answer is d. this is the reason for resurgence of old diseases

Which of the following is a difference between archea and bacteria>?

Bacteria has PTG int their cell walls and archea do not

which of the following diseases killed one-third of the population of Europe in the 14th century

Bubonic Plague

which of the following infectious diseases killed more people in 1918-19 than in world wars 1 and 2 combined?

Influenza

Using microorganisms to degrade toxic chemical spills is an example of

biodegradtion

Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful pollutants by microbes?

biodegradtion

Bacteria produce ethanol, hydrogen gas, and certain oils, which all have the potential to be used as

biofuels

designing orgnaims that can provide human products through genetic eneigenering or clean up is

biotechnology

prions and viroids

can not reproduce independently

all algae have _________ which contain chlorophyll?

chloroplasts

Technically speaking viruses are not microorganism because they are not

composed of cells

A scientific experiment includes a component that rules out alternative explanation of the results by the only feature varied in the experiment was the characteristic being tested. which is called

control

Some scientists were skeptical of Pasteurs results because they

could not reproduce his results