ch. 1 questiosn
John Tyndall's experiment in the 1800 showed that live microorganism remained in some broths even after they been boiled for 5 hours. This observation can be explained by the presence of heat-resistant form of bacteria called an ENDOSPORE.
ENDOSPORE.
Is the domain of organism whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles?
Eukaryotes
which of the following cells has a defined nucleus and various organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
The principle that microorganims cause certain disease is called the
Germ theory of disease
In research bacteria often serve as ___________, meaning that they are studied as a means to better understand processes fundamental to higher life forms
MODEL ORGANIMS
Which of the following describes how fungi gain energy?
They degrade organic materials with enzymes
which disease are due to orgnaims jumping from a animal host to human hosts
emerging
is the process used in the manufacture of yogurt and cheese, and beer
fermentation
For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part indicates the
genus
the term _______ refers to a multicellur parasite such as tapeworm or round worm
hekminth
Louis Pasteur
helped disprove spontaneous generation
Another name for the microscopic filaments of molds is?
hyphae
Prions are
infectious proteins
An infectious diseases that has become more common in the last 35 years is referred to as an
merging infectious disease
When scientists share their work in journals, they are communicating the
method, conclusion, and results.
compared to the diversity of plants and aniamls, microbes as a group are
more diverse
organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed
normal flora
A ___ is the term used for only disease causing orgnaims
pathogens
which disease has been neraly eliminated due to vaccination
polio
Like plants some microorganism
produce O2 are photosynthetic
which of the following has a nucleoid region?
prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotes such as algae and protozoa are also referred to as?
protists
Fungi obtain nutrients by
secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment
The species names of Escherichia coli. and Escherichia vulneris reflect the
site where the organism may be found
what is the shared feature of all microbes?
small size
John needhams experiments in the 1700s showed that microoragnaisms grew in broths that had been boiled and sealed with a cork. Later experiments showed that the growth was not due
spontaneous generation
The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as
spontaneous generation
Members of the genus Staphylococcus often referred to by the informal name?
staphlyococci
to indicate slight differences, members of the same species may be given special
strain designations
if cattle, sheep, and deer didnt have a microbe free digestive tract they would
strave
The genus names Pasteurella and Escherichia originate from
the name of the scientist
Prions are misfolded protein that cause
the normal version of the protein to also misfold
when extensive amounts of experimental evidence supports a hypothesis, the explanation may become scientific
theory
True or False: travelers and immigrants can contribute to disease emergence
true
True or false : we could not survive without microorganism, but they can also be harmful
true
True or false: without microorganisms we would run out of certain nutrients
true
true or false early exposure to certain commorn organims can actually protect humans from asthma and various allergies
true
Which is true regarding scientific names (developed by carl linneaus)
•scientific names are italicized or underlined •genus names are commonly abbreviated
Which of the following disease are newly emerged?
- hepatitis c -HIV/AIDS -Ebola
microbes are useful in the study of higher life forms for which reason
- it is cheaper - microbes multiply quickly - they have the basic same metabolic mechanisms
The domains ________ and _____ are made up of prokaryotes?
-Archarea -Bacteria
Viruses are
-acellular (only dna or rna, not both, are not true cells) - viruses are smaller than most bacteria (1,000 x smaller) - Viruses are nonliving (
The scientific process involves a series of steps. what is the order
1. make an obervation about something and ask a question 2. develop an experiment and then devise an experiment to test this eplanation 4. draw a conclusion
which organisms typically lack a membrane- bound nucleus?
-Archarea -Bacteria
which type of microorganism have cells that typically lack membrane bound organelles
-Bacteria and Archaea
Which of the following can be infected by viruses?
-Bateria -Animals -Plants
Members of which domain can be infected by viruses?
-Eukarya -Archaea -Bacteria
Which of the following are long established microbial diseases?
-Malaria _Tuberculosis
A significant difference in which of the following characteristic proves the basis for seperating archeea and bacteria
-habitats - ribosomal RNA sequences - cell wall composition
Viroid
-it contains RNA -It can infect plants
Protozoa
-most are motile - they can be found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats - single cell eukaryotes
disease can reemerge as a result of
-parents not getting children vaccinated - pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications
Characteristics of archea that are similar to bacteria include all of the following except
-shapes -method o mutliplication -prokaryotic cell structure -energy sources used -ribosomal rna sequences answer is Rna sequence
which of the following diseases has been eradicated from the Earth?
-small pox
All of these products are produced through the metabolism of bacteria except which of the following
-synthetic wood -cellulose used in stereo headsets - antibiotics -ethanol as a biofeul answer is syntheic wood
which of the following are parasitic helminths?
-tapeworms -round worms -Flukes
Which are classified as an acellular infectious agents?
-viruses - viroids - prions
Which of the following is a single celled fungus
Yeast
Benefits of normal microbiota include all except which of the following?
a) They out-complete pathogens for space b) Bacteria degrade foods that our intestines cannt digest c) They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of all microbes
which describes bacteria?
a. shapes include rod-shaped, spherical, spiral b. they multiply by binary fusion c.most cause serious diseases d. some obtain energy from sources not used by plants and animals e.some obtain energy from sunlight f. some obtain energy from foods similar to human food answer: a,b,d,e,f
all of the following are factors that account for the mergence of new diseases in developed countries are
A. changing lifestyles of humans B. Surbanan expansion into rural areas C. change in the organisms DNA D. parents don't have their children vaccinated answer is d. this is the reason for resurgence of old diseases
Which of the following is a difference between archea and bacteria>?
Bacteria has PTG int their cell walls and archea do not
which of the following diseases killed one-third of the population of Europe in the 14th century
Bubonic Plague
which of the following infectious diseases killed more people in 1918-19 than in world wars 1 and 2 combined?
Influenza
Using microorganisms to degrade toxic chemical spills is an example of
biodegradtion
Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful pollutants by microbes?
biodegradtion
Bacteria produce ethanol, hydrogen gas, and certain oils, which all have the potential to be used as
biofuels
designing orgnaims that can provide human products through genetic eneigenering or clean up is
biotechnology
prions and viroids
can not reproduce independently
all algae have _________ which contain chlorophyll?
chloroplasts
Technically speaking viruses are not microorganism because they are not
composed of cells
A scientific experiment includes a component that rules out alternative explanation of the results by the only feature varied in the experiment was the characteristic being tested. which is called
control
Some scientists were skeptical of Pasteurs results because they
could not reproduce his results