Ch 10.
How is a sociological definition of religion different from a commonsense, everyday definition?
A sociological definition must be broad enough to encompass all varieties of religious experiences.
The ability to impose one's will on others is called
power
A society that separates church and state is a(n) ________ society.
secular
Which of the following distinguishes authority from power?
Authority is the legitimate exercise of power.
Intrinsic religiosity can be defined as
a person's inner religious life.
Arthur does not leave his house each morning until after he puts on his chain with the Star of David on it. This exemplifies his
extrinsic religiosity.
Attending religious services would be an example of
extrinsic religiosity.
What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?
Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability.
Religion fulfills what role in society from a structural functionalist perspective?
It provides its adherents with a set of values, norms, and rules by which to live.
Why do politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter of your text?
Political, religious, and educational concerns often overlap in everyday life.
What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common?
They are all social institutions.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have what in common?
They are monotheistic.
What was Jonathan Kozol's impression of the poorly funded schools he visited in urban Chicago?
They were extraordinarily unhappy places.
According to your textbook, what do all religions have in common?
a system of beliefs and rituals that establish a relationship between the sacred and the profane
Public schools that are run by private entities are called
charter schools.
Monique believes that religious practices such as prohibiting women from becoming priests promote inequality. Monique understands religion through which sociological lens?
conflict theory
What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?
disenfranchisement
Schools that blend high school and college are called
early college high schools.
What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members?
education
Which of the following changes has been most transformative to the way distance learning, once known as correspondence courses, is now offered?
internet
The three branches of government established in the early years of the United States are the executive, legislative, and judicial. More recently however, there is a growing belief that we have established a fourth branch of government. What does this refer to?
media
What are religions called that worship one divine figure?
monotheistic
Systems and structures that persist over time and help organize group life are called
social instutions
Consider the major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theoretical perspective might explore the ways in which television advertisements influence public opinion about political candidates?
symbolic interactionist
What is religiosity?
the extent of a person's commitment to a religion
C. Wright Mills identifies the small and unified group of people who occupy the highest positions of the major economic, political, and military institutions and exercise tremendous influence in American social life as
the power elite.
According to the text, one of the largest studies of homeschooled students found that
their academic achievements are significantly above those of public school students.
In considering the religious composition of the United States, which individually distinct religion has the largest number of people?
Catholic
What is a reason that experts cite as to why higher education and college degrees are sound investments?`
The earnings gap between those with and without college degrees continues to widen.
What does sociologist Randall Collins argue is the true function of schools?
They reproduce the class structure, making sure that most people grow up to have a socioeconomic status similar to that of their parents.
Which of the following is an example of how the hidden curriculum can reinforce inequality?
Though curriculum may recognize and celebrate diversity, most professors and administrators are white and heterosexual.
Which of the following is an advantage cited by supporters of school vouchers?
Vouchers give more choices to parents for their children's education.
According to Max Weber, Protestant values contributed to the rise of
capitalism.
How does the textbook define the "hidden curriculum"?
lessons that students learn indirectly through the method in which the curriculum is presented and the way the school is organized
The methods and tactics of managing and influencing government are called
politics.
Social institutions are paradoxical for sociologists because
they impact our everyday interactions and our everyday interactions also impact them.
According to the textbook, what is the goal of early college high schools?
to make it easier for students from underserved backgrounds to enter college
What is the MOST extreme form of authoritarianism called?
totalitarianism
Charter schools are public schools run by private entities intended to give parents greater control over their children's education. True or false?
true
What is a term for someone who labels himself or herself "spiritual but not religious"?
unchurched
In what kind of political systems do governments deny ordinary citizens representation by and control over their own government?
authoritarian
What is a political system called that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government?
authoritarian
The term that refers to the legitimate use of power is called
authority
Consider the three major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theoretical perspective might note that most positions of importance in the United States are held by a small, concentrated group of men, and thus, men wield the most power in decision making. The masses, in turn, have little power in this process.
conflict theory
According to a recent study, what percentage of the American population makes up the power elite?
considerably less than 1 percent