Ch 10.

How is a sociological definition of religion different from a commonsense, everyday definition?

A sociological definition must be broad enough to encompass all varieties of religious experiences.

The ability to impose one's will on others is called

power

A society that separates church and state is a(n) ________ society.

secular

Which of the following distinguishes authority from power?

Authority is the legitimate exercise of power.

Intrinsic religiosity can be defined as

a person's inner religious life.

Arthur does not leave his house each morning until after he puts on his chain with the Star of David on it. This exemplifies his

extrinsic religiosity.

Attending religious services would be an example of

extrinsic religiosity.

What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?

Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability.

Religion fulfills what role in society from a structural functionalist perspective?

It provides its adherents with a set of values, norms, and rules by which to live.

Why do politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter of your text?

Political, religious, and educational concerns often overlap in everyday life.

What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common?

They are all social institutions.

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have what in common?

They are monotheistic.

What was Jonathan Kozol's impression of the poorly funded schools he visited in urban Chicago?

They were extraordinarily unhappy places.

According to your textbook, what do all religions have in common?

a system of beliefs and rituals that establish a relationship between the sacred and the profane

Public schools that are run by private entities are called

charter schools.

Monique believes that religious practices such as prohibiting women from becoming priests promote inequality. Monique understands religion through which sociological lens?

conflict theory

What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?

disenfranchisement

Schools that blend high school and college are called

early college high schools.

What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members?

education

Which of the following changes has been most transformative to the way distance learning, once known as correspondence courses, is now offered?

internet

The three branches of government established in the early years of the United States are the executive, legislative, and judicial. More recently however, there is a growing belief that we have established a fourth branch of government. What does this refer to?

media

What are religions called that worship one divine figure?

monotheistic

Systems and structures that persist over time and help organize group life are called

social instutions

Consider the major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theoretical perspective might explore the ways in which television advertisements influence public opinion about political candidates?

symbolic interactionist

What is religiosity?

the extent of a person's commitment to a religion

C. Wright Mills identifies the small and unified group of people who occupy the highest positions of the major economic, political, and military institutions and exercise tremendous influence in American social life as

the power elite.

According to the text, one of the largest studies of homeschooled students found that

their academic achievements are significantly above those of public school students.

In considering the religious composition of the United States, which individually distinct religion has the largest number of people?

Catholic

What is a reason that experts cite as to why higher education and college degrees are sound investments?`

The earnings gap between those with and without college degrees continues to widen.

What does sociologist Randall Collins argue is the true function of schools?

They reproduce the class structure, making sure that most people grow up to have a socioeconomic status similar to that of their parents.

Which of the following is an example of how the hidden curriculum can reinforce inequality?

Though curriculum may recognize and celebrate diversity, most professors and administrators are white and heterosexual.

Which of the following is an advantage cited by supporters of school vouchers?

Vouchers give more choices to parents for their children's education.

According to Max Weber, Protestant values contributed to the rise of

capitalism.

How does the textbook define the "hidden curriculum"?

lessons that students learn indirectly through the method in which the curriculum is presented and the way the school is organized

The methods and tactics of managing and influencing government are called

politics.

Social institutions are paradoxical for sociologists because

they impact our everyday interactions and our everyday interactions also impact them.

According to the textbook, what is the goal of early college high schools?

to make it easier for students from underserved backgrounds to enter college

What is the MOST extreme form of authoritarianism called?

totalitarianism

Charter schools are public schools run by private entities intended to give parents greater control over their children's education. True or false?

true

What is a term for someone who labels himself or herself "spiritual but not religious"?

unchurched

In what kind of political systems do governments deny ordinary citizens representation by and control over their own government?

authoritarian

What is a political system called that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government?

authoritarian

The term that refers to the legitimate use of power is called

authority

Consider the three major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theoretical perspective might note that most positions of importance in the United States are held by a small, concentrated group of men, and thus, men wield the most power in decision making. The masses, in turn, have little power in this process.

conflict theory

According to a recent study, what percentage of the American population makes up the power elite?

considerably less than 1 percent