ch 11 assessment

The hypothalamus regulates the activity of the rest of the other glands. It is able to control the other endocrine glands and it is able to maintain its own control or balance.

Although the anterior pituitary gland is often called the "master gland", the hypothalamus could also claim that title. Explain why.

Nervous system sends messages via action potentials and the nervous system messages are fast; Endocrine system sends messages via hormones and endocrine messages are slow.

Explain 2 differences between how the nervous system and the endocrine system work.

As blood glucose levels increase, insulin is released by the pancreas to bring glucose levels back down to normal range. As blood glucose levels decrease, glucagon is released by the pancreas to bring the glucose levels back up to normal range.

Explain in 2 sentences how negative feedback helps with blood sugar levels in the body.

estrogen

From the article you read, "Man Who Keeps Growing", name the unusual hormone the man's bone cells could not sense to signal his bones to stop growing.

epinephrine

Which hormone increases blood glucose levels and increases the rate of metabolism?

created from lipids like cholesterol

Which of the following is not a description of a non-steroidal hormone?

testosterone

causes the development of heavy bones and muscles, lowering of the voice, beard growth, and sex drive

calcitonin

controls the metabolism of calcium

Gluccocorticoids

cushing's syndrome

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

diabetes insipidus

insulin

diabetes mellitus

thyroxine

goiter

cortisol

helps protect the body during long-term stressful situations such as extended illnesses by regulating glucose

estrogen

influences the development of female secondary sex characteristics

melatonin

levels of this hormone rise and fall during the course of the day and night to be the "sleep trigger"

thymosin

programs T lymphocytes

aldosterone

promotes the reabsorption of Na+ & K+ by the kidney

progesterone

quiets the uterine muscles so that an implanted embryo will not be aborted

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

stimulated the kidneys to reabsorb water

prolactin

stimulates and maintains milk production by the mother's breast

true

t/f: Drinking alcohol inhibits ADH secretion and results in an output of large amounts of urine.

true

t/f:Unlike exocrine glands, endocrine glands are ductless.

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

tetany

luteinizing hormone (LH)

triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to become corpus luteum

amino acid-based protein molecule, binds to a receptor but doesn't enter the cell, produces a 2nd messenger which causes cellular changes

what describes a non-steroidal hormone?

hypothalmus posterior pituitary gland oxytocin bloodstream uterus uterine contractions

A woman is in the beginning stages of labor. Reorganize the sequence of events that lead to her uterine contractions.

receptors

All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only those cells that have the proper _________ on their cell membranes are activated by chemical messengers, like hormones.

the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary stimulating other endocrine glands, the nervous system stimulating a gland directly, changing the hormone level in the blood which stimulates a gland directly

Control of the endocrine system occurs by

Hypothalamus

Name the gland where the endocrine and nervous systems interact.

steroids

Name the group of hormones _______ that are lipid-based and are able to enter a cell's nucleus to activate genes which produce a substance.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Name the hormone produced in inadequate amounts that produces a goiter

thyroxine

Name the hormone that causes bulging eyeballs, weight loss, and nervousness when produced in excessive amounts (Grave's Disease)

true

T/F: A hormone can stimulate a response in target cells even though all bodily cells may receive the hormone.

true

T/F: Hormones will not stimulate a new bodily activity to occur.

false

T/F: In males, FSH stimulates the production of testosterone.

true

T/F: The adrenal medulla produces the hormone, epinephrine.

false

T/F: The posterior pituitary gland targets the ovaries and testes.

parathyroid

Tetany is caused by a deficient amount of _______ hormone. Name the hormone.

parathyroid

The __________ hormone causes demineralization of skeletal bones and spontaneous fractures when produced in excessive amounts.

melanocyte stimulating

The hormone ________ ________ increases the production of melanin, which is responsible for darkening the skin.

FSH, LH; estrogen, progesterone

The hormones ______ and ________ regulate the menstrual or uterine cycle, while the hormones ______ and _______ regulate the ovarian cycle

negative

The secretion of most hormones is regulated by a _______ feedback system, in which increasing levels of a particular hormone "turn off" its stimulus.

glucagon

_______ hormone acts antagonistically to insulin and it's produced by the same endocrine organ.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

a chemical inhibiting or preventing the production of urine

Growth Hormone (GH)

acromegaly