Ch. 11: Axial and Appendicular Muscles
Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh ______ the thigh.
adduct
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the triceps brachii (long head).
adduction of the arm extension of the arm
The pectoralis major is an ______ of the arm.
adductor
When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be that of which of the following?
agonist
The pectoralis minor is one of the ______ thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle.
anterior
The pectoralis minor muscle is a(n) ______ thoracic muscle.
anterior
The serratus anterior is a(n) ______ thoracic wall muscle.
anterior
Which of the following best describes the location of the pectoralis major?
anterior of body, covers superior portion of thorax
During exhalation, muscles of respiration ______.
decrease the space of the thoracic cavity
Which tongue muscles end in the suffix -glossus?
extrinsic
Which muscles protract, retract and elevate the tongue?
extrinsic tongue muscles
In general, muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
flex the leg at the knee joint adduct the thigh at the hip joint
When the iliacus contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
When the psoas major contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
When the rectus femoris contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
The serratus anterior differs from the subclavius and pectoralis minor in that ______.
it inferiorly attaches to the anterior of the thorax, but it superiorly attaches to the posterior of the thorax
Extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand ______.The hypothenar group forms a small fleshy mass at the base of the ______.
originate in the forearm flex or extend the thumb and fingers flex or extend the hand
The prime mover of the flexion of the arm is the ______.
pectoralis major
principal flexor of the arm
pectoralis major
The ______ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae.
pelvic diaphragm
The "hamstrings" are muscles of the ______ compartment of the thigh.
posterior
The levator scapulae is a(n) ______ thoracic muscle.
posterior
The semitendinosus is on the ______ side of the thigh.
posterior
The serratus anterior helps to the scapula against the ______ side of the rib cage.
posterior
Which of the following best describes the location of the latissimus dorsi?
posterior of body, inferior part of the back
The pectoralis major is an example of a muscle that ______ the scapula.
protracts
At the wrist, the deep fascia of the forearm thickens and forms fibrous bands termed
retinacula or retinaculum
The temporalis muscle ______ the mandible.
retracts
When the sartorius contracts, the thigh is ______.
rotated laterally flexed
When the gluteus minimus contracts, the thigh is ______.
rotated medially abducted
Contraction of the deep muscles of the gluteal region results in ______.
rotation of the thigh
With regard to extension of the arm, the latissimus dorsi is an agonist; with regard to adducting and medially rotating the arm, this muscle is a(n)
synergist or synergists
True or false: The intrinsic muscles of the foot act primarily to evert and invert the foot.
False
The tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment.
True
The tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment. True or False?
True
Compartments in the forearm contain muscles with similar ______.
actions at the wrist joint origins
Which are muscles of the medial thigh compartment?
adductor magnus pectineus adductor longus obturator externus adductor brevis gracilis
Which muscles extend the forearm?
anconeus triceps brachii
Skeletal muscles are grouped according to their primary actions into which of the following three types?
antagonists agonists synergists
The extensor digitorum longus is on the ______ side of the leg.
anterior
Which of the following identifies the compartments of the thigh?
anterior, posterior, lateral, medial
Which of the following are muscles that move the glenohumeral joint that originate on the scapula?
biceps brachii triceps brachii deltoid teres major coracobrachialis
Flexor tendons of the digits and the median nerve pass through the tight space between the bones and the flexor retinaculum, which is called the
carpal tunnel
The term mastication refers to the process of ______.
chewing
The buccinator muscle ______.
compresses the cheek
When your shoulders are hunched forward, the pectoralis muscle is ______.
contracting
The pectoralis minor muscle is ______ to the pectoralis major muscle.
deep
primary flexors of the arm and medially rotate the arm.
deltoid or deltoids
The subclavius ______ the clavicle.
depresses
The suprahyoid muscles ______ the hyoid bone.
elevate
The muscles of the thenar and hypothenar group form fleshy masses, each called a(n) ______, a term given to a circumscribed area raised above the general level of the surrounding surface.
eminence
Which muscle group maintains a person's posture and helps the individual to stand erect?
erector spinae
When any one or all of the posterior muscles of the hamstring group are contracted, the thigh is ______.
extended
triceps brachii
extends the arm
Posterior compartment thigh muscles ______ the knee.
flex
The anterior muscles of the neck ______ the neck.
flex
Which of the following is/are functions of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
flex and extend the toes support the arches abduct and adduct the toes
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the pectoralis major.
flexion of the arm medial rotation of the arm adduction of the arm
Contraction of the medial muscles of the thigh results in ______.
flexion of the thigh lateral rotation of the thigh extension of the thigh adduction of the thigh
Contraction of anterior muscles of the thigh results in ______.
flexion of the thigh rotation of the thigh
Which best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid?
flexion, abduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation
Which of the following best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur when the pectoralis major contracts?
flexion, adduction, medial rotation
The anterior compartment of the forearm is the ______ compartment.
flexor
In addition to the compartments, muscles in two other groups move the hip joint/thigh, the ______.
gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region
Which of the following are the muscles of the gluteal group of the posterior thigh?
gluteus medius gluteus minimus gluteus maximus
Muscles of the anterior neck that are inferior to the hyoid bone are called ______ muscles.
infrahyoid
The thoracic muscles increase the space of the thoracic cavity during ______.
inspiration
The ______ muscles of the foot move the toes.
intrinsic
The levator scapulae ______.
is superior to the rhomboids (minor and major) is deep to the trapezius is a posterior thoracic muscle
Which of the following best describe(s) the actions of the subclavius?
it depresses the clavicle it stabilizes the clavicle
Which correctly describes the location of the pectoralis minor?
it is deep to the pectoralis major
Which of the following best describes the location of the serratus anterior?
it is located between the anterior surface of the ribs and the anterior surface of the scapula
Unilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscles causes ______.
lateral flexion of the vertebral column
The prime mover of the extension of the arm is the ______.
latissimus dorsi
The hypothenar group forms a small fleshy mass at the base of the ______.
little finger
The functions of the erector spinae muscles include ______.
maintenance of posture extension of vertebral column lateral flexion of vertebral column
Which of the following is considered a circular muscle?
orbicularis oris
The ______ depresses the scapula.
pectoralis minor
The anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle are the ______.
pectoralis minor subclavius serratus anterior
Most of the ______ compartment muscles are wrist and finger extensors.
posterior
When an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually the ______ attachment.
proximal
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to orientation of fascicles?
rectus oblique
Which is not an abdominal wall muscle?
rectus femoris
Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
rectus femoris sartorius iliacus psoas major
The prime mover of scapular protraction is the ______.
serratus anterior
The muscles that protract the scapula are ______.
serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
A circular muscle is also called a(n) ______.
sphincter
The serratus anterior ______.
stabilizes the scapula superiorly rotates the scapula
Usually during axial muscle contraction, the more moveable muscle attachment, the ______ attachment is pulled toward the less moveable muscle attachment.
superior
Which of the following are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
superior gemellus quadratus femoris inferior gemellus piriformis obturator internus
Which muscle of the posterior forearm compartment perform(s) a function unlike that of all the others?
supinator
In addition to its role in the compartmentalization of the thigh, the fasciae latae ______.
supports and binds the thigh muscles
The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called ______.
suprahyoid muscles
Which muscle elevates and protracts the mandible during mastication?
the masseter muscle
Muscles that move the knee joint ______.
within each compartment have similar actions on the knee joint are separated into anatomical compartments by deep fascia
The most powerful and important muscle of mastication is the ______.
masseter
Which is a muscle of mastication?
masseter
The process of chewing is called
mastication
Muscles of the _____ compartment of the thigh adduct the thigh.
medial
Which muscle adducts the eye?
medial rectus
Contraction of the lateral muscle of the thigh results in ______.
medial rotation of the thigh abduction of the thigh
Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?
The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist.
True or false: The subclavius is inferior to the clavicle.
True
True or false: The temporalis is considered a muscle of mastication.
True
The muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as either ______.
anterior or posterior
Anatomically, muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as ______.
anterior or posterior thoracic
Which muscles flex the forearm?
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
Which are the muscles of the posterior thigh, commonly referred to collectively as the "hamstrings?"
biceps femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and ______ the knee.
extend
In general, muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
extend the thigh at the hip joint flex the leg at the knee joint
The posterior compartment of the forearm contains muscles that _____ the wrist, the metacarpophalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints.
extend, supinate, extends, or supinates
The hamstring group of muscles ______ the thigh and ______ the leg.
extend; flex
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi.
extension of the arm adduction of the arm medial rotation of the arm
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid.
extension of the arm medial rotation of the arm lateral rotation of the arm abduction of the arm flexion of the arm
Contraction of the superficial muscles in the gluteal region results in ______.
extension of the thigh abduction of the thigh rotation of the thigh
Which of the following summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi?
extension, adduction, medial rotation
What happens to the scapula when the levator scapulae contracts?
it is elevated it is rotated, inferiorly
In addition to extending the thigh, the biceps femoris rotates the thigh _____, whereas the semimembranosus and semitendinosus rotate the thigh _____.
laterally; medially
Which is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint?
latissimus dorsi
Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?
latissimus dorsi pectoralis major
The prime movers of the glenohumeral joint are the ______.
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?
the buccinator muscle
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to shape?
trapezius deltoid rhomboid
Which of the following are posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?
trapezius rhomboid minor rhomboid major levator scapulae