ch. 12

Control of temp, ANS reflexes, hunger, and water balance

Hypothalamus

This area is the main visceral control center of the body.

Hypothalamus

Which part of the brain regulates thirst?

Hypothalamus

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

Infundibulum

_________ is a division of labor in which each cerebral hemisphere has unique abilities NOT shared by its partners.

Lateralization

What landmark separates the cerebral hemispheres?

Longitudinal fissure

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

Longitudinal fissure

Which tracts convey vibration and other specific sensations that can be precisely localize?

Medial Lemniscus (Dorsal column)

Region where there is a gross crossover of fibers of descending pyramidal tracts

Medulla Oblongata

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

Medulla Oblongata

Houses vital centers for control of the heart, respiration, and blood pressure

Medulla oblongata

The midbrain develops from which secondary brain vesicle?

Mesencephalon

Houses the substantia nigra and cerebral aqueduct

Midbrain

The corpora quadrigemina are found in the ________.

Midbrain

In which part of the cerebral cortex do sensations, emotions, and thoughts come together to form our personality?

Multimodal Association center

People with _____ lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

Narcolepsy

All of the structures of the CNS originate from the __________.

Neural tube

Transection (cross sectioning) of the spinal cord at T3 results in _________.

Paraplegia

Deep brain stimulation via implanted electrodes has been used to treat some of the symptoms of __________.

Parkinson's disease

The innermost layer of the meninges delicate and adjacent to the brain tissue,​ is the __________

Pia Mater

What condition results from viral destruction of ventral horn motor neurons?

Poliomyelitis

Nuclei of cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), and VII (facial) are found in the ________.

Pons

The ___________ Contains nuclei that relay information from the cerebrum to cerebellum.

Pons

This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgment, and conscience.

Prefrontal Cortex

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

Prefrontal cortex

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

Premotor cortex

The axons from this area form the major pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts.

Primary motor cortex

Which motor area both has a homunculus and has descending projection fibers?

Primary motor cortex

For our motor commands to travel toward our muscles, the signals must travel on __________.

Projection fibers

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the cerebrum to lower centers, like the spinal cord?

Projection fibers

Identify the stage of sleep indicated by movement of the eyes under the lids; dreaming occurs

REM

Identify the stage of sleep when the sleeper is very easily awakened; EEG shows alpha waves

Stage 1

Identify the stage of sleep when sleepwalking may occur

Stage 4

The stage when blood pressure and heart rate reach their lowest levels

Stage 4

What is a function of the basal nuclei?

Starting, stopping, and monitoring arm swinging and gait

Basal nuclei involved in fine control of motor activities

Striatum

Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the ________ is the ultimate cause of Parkinson's disease.

Substantia nigra

Which part of the brain produces dopamine?

Substantia nigra

A professor unexpectedly blew a loud horn in his anatomy and physiology class. The students looked up, startled. The reflexive movements of their eyes were mediated by the ____________.

Superior colliculi

What coordinates head and eye movements when we visually follow a moving object?

Superior colliculi

T or F: Cerebral palsy may be caused by lack of oxygen during birth.

T

T or F: In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere has greater control over language abilities, math, and logic.

T

T or F: Nuclei relating to the startle reflex are located in the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain.

T

T or F: One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing.

T

T or F: Spatial discrimination is the ability to identify the specific region of the body being stimulated.

T

T or F: Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains, whereas memory and language have overlapping domains.

T

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.

Temporal lobe

A major relay station for sensory information ascending to the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei.

Thalamus

Brain area through which all the sensory input is relayed to get to the cerebral cortex

Thalamus

In which area do sorting and editing of sensory impulses take place?

Thalamus

Which part of the CNS sorts almost all of the ascending sensory information?

Thalamus

The sensory hallucinations experienced by epileptic patients are known as __________.

The aura

The average weight of the adult brain is __________.

3-3.5 lbs

The CNS starts differentiating from the neural tube in the developing embryo after week __________.

4

Working memory is limited to __________ chunks of information.

7 or 8

Reduced cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease is associated with a shortage of which neurotransmitter?

Acetylcholine

What is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia?

Alzheimer's disease

If you are having a conversation with a person, excuse yourself for five minutes, and come back, and the person no longer knows you, the person would be suffering from __________.

Anterograde amnesia

Of the three meningeal layers that surround the CNS, which one is located in the middle?

Arachnoid mater

Which meninges forms the loose, mid-layer brain covering?

Arachnoid mater

Fiber tracts that allow neurons within the same cerebral hemisphere to communicate are __________.

Association fibers

Which type of brain waves are seen when a person is concentrating on solving a problem?

Beta waves

What protects the brain from bloodborne metabolic wastes and most drugs?

Blood brain barrier

Brain area most concerned with equilibrium, body posture, and coordination of motor activity

Cerebellum

Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls almost all brain activity?

Cerebral cortex

___________ is responsible for communication between cerebral areas and between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers.

Cerebral white matter

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by _____________

Choroid Plexus

What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?

Choroid plexus

Relay stations for visual and auditory stimuli input; found in midbrain

Corpora quadrigemina

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.

Corpus Callosum

What is the main role of the olfactory cortex?

Detection of odors

T or F: Anencephaly is a result of incomplete ​formation of the vertebral arches and can be caused by inadequate folic acid in maternal diet.

F

T or F: Projection fibers in the brain mainly connect the right and left hemispheres.

F

The primary motor cortex, Broca's area, and the premotor cortex are located in which lobe?

Frontal

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

Frontal and parietal

Acting as an excitotoxin, the main culprit in the damage caused by a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is __________.

Glutamate

Which part of the cerebellum is involved in planning (rather than executing) movement?

The lateral part of each hemisphere

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.

Visceral sensory area

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________.

Visual association area

Destruction of the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord results in loss of _____________.

Voluntary motor impulses

Which of the following regions acts as the autonomic reflex center of the brain? a. Medulla oblongata b. Cerebellum c. Pons d. midbrain

a. Medulla Oblongata

All the following are functions of the amygdaloid body EXCEPT __________. a. Resolving mental conflict b. Recognition of fear c. Assessment of danger d. Aggression

a. Resolving mental conflict

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? a. balance b. Body temp. c. sleep/wake cycle d. Endocrine functions

a. balance

Which of the following is the autonomic control center? a. hypothalamus b. pons c. flax cerberi d. thalamus

a. hypothalamus

Which of the following are located in the lateral horns of the spinal cord gray matter? a. Interneurons that receive input from visceral sensory neurons b. Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons c. Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons d. Interneurons that receive input from somatic sensory neurons

b. Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

Which of the following is not one of the major regions of the brain stem? a. Medulla oblongata b. Cerebellum c. Midbrain d. pons

b. Cerebellum

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Damage to the visual association area can result in blindness b. Damage to the primary motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions c. Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location d. Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible

b. Damage to the primary motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT ________. a. Loss of body temp control b. Loss of fine motor control c. Dehydration d. Sleep disturbances

b. Loss of fine motor control

Which of the following areas is NOT involved in speech processing? a. inferior colliculi b. superior colliculi c. Broca's Area d. Wernicke's Area

b. superior colliculi (visual)

Which of the following regulates body temp, food intake, and endocrine functions? a. Cerebellum b. Pons c. Hypothalamus d. thalamus

c. Hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT a diencephalon component? a. Pineal gland b. Hypothalamus c. Superior colliculus d. Thalamus

c. Superior colliculus

Which of the following is true of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain? a. Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by elevated ridges called sulci. b. The longitudinal fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum. c. The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass. d. Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by shallow grooves called gyri.

c. The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.

Choose the true statement regarding second-order neurons. a. They reside in the ganglion b. They reside in the thalamus c. They reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord d. Conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain stem, where they synapse

c. They reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei? a. Controlling starting and stopping movements b. Playing a role in cognition and emotion c. Inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements d. Initiating protective reflexes

d. Initiating protective reflexes

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic regions of a cerebral hemisphere? a. The internal white matter b. The superficial cortex of gray matter c. The basal nuclei d. The diencephalon

d. The diencephalon

Choose the true statement about pyramidal cells. a. They are found within the cerebral sulci b. They integrate sensory input to produce an understanding of an object being felt c. The provide the control for our involuntary muscles d. They allow us to control our skeletal muscles

d. They allow us to control our skeletal muscles

Which of the following is not a part of the diencephalon? a. Thalamus b. Hypothalamus c. Epithalamus d. perithalamus

d. perithalamus

Broca's area is considered a ________.

motor speech area

It allows us to tie information that we receive to previous experience and knowledge and then helps us decide what action to take

multimodal association cortex

A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has caused dysfunction of the precentral gyrus of his right cerebral cortex. As a result he cannot ___________

voluntarily move his left arm or leg