PBS exam unit 4

Cholesterol is believed to be carried by

both high density and low density lipoproteins

Which type of blood vessel is the location of oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange?

capillary

The aorta leaves the

left ventricle

Explain why metabolic syndrome is so dangerous.

metabolic syndrome is important because the syndrome increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease and other problems.

What occurs during systole?

the heart muscle tissues contract

An artificial pacemaker supplements the actions of

the sinoatrial node

In its travel through the human body, blood usually continues on from capillaries to enter

venules

Which of the following is an acceptable level for HDL in your blood?

• >60 mg/dL

The blood from the left ventricle travels through the _____________valve and then to the ______.

• Aortic , aorta

When compared to arteries, veins generally:

• Are thinner walled

A metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions or factors that together are linked to an increased risk of _______ and ______.

• Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes

The effect of narrowed arteries on a person's blood flow and blood pressure would be

• Decreased flow and increased pressure.

Which of the following connections is correct?

• QRS = ventricular contraction

The pacemaker of the heart is the

• Sinoatrial Node

Some common cholesterol-lowering medications have unwanted side effects. Which of the following is NOT a side effect of the group of drugs known as statins?

• abdominal pain

Familial Hypercholesterolemia is

• an autosomal dominant trait that increases LDL levels

A tiny balloon inserted to keep a passageway open into a blood vessel is called a(n)

• angioplasty

What is the action of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?

• causes blockages in arteries by leaving cholesterol in vessels

The QRS complex in an EKG represents the

• depolarization of ventricles

Which of the following is a measure of the electrical activity in the heart?

• electrocardiogram (EKG)

Which of the following measures the number of times the heart beats in a minute? •

• heart rate

What occurs when blood is pumped through the lungs?

• hemoglobin picks up oxygen to be transported through body, carbon dioxide is picked up as waste product

Deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body would be delivered to the heart in this vessel.

• inferior vena cava

Which of the following is NOT true of cholesterol?

• it should be eliminated from our diets completely

What is true regarding High-density lipoproteins (HDL)?

• keeps cholesterol from building up by returning cholesterol to liver

The wall of the _____________________ is thicker because it has to pump blood to the whole body

• left ventricle

What characteristic separates DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?

• length of fragment

To try and maintain healthy cholesterol levels, which of the following practices should be followed?

• limit trans and saturated fats as they increase LDL levels

Which of the following procedures is NOT used to treat an occluded (obstructed) blood vessel?

• mitral valve replacement

What is the medical term for a heart attack?

• myocardial infarction

The left side of the heart contains __________________ blood and the right side contains __________________ blood.

• oxygenated, deoxygenated

The heart has two pumps. The _____________ circuit pumps blood to the lungs and the ____________ circuit pumps blood to the body.

• pulmonary, systemic

Atria differ from ventricles in that they

• receive blood from veins

Special molecules found naturally in bacteria, cut DNA fragments at specific sequences. These are known as

• restriction enzymes

What term is used for a sudden loss of consciousness, sensation and voluntary motion caused by a blood clot in the brain?

• stroke

Hypertension is diagnosed when

• systolic pressure is greater than 140

What property of DNA causes it to migrate to the opposite pole of the electrophoresis chamber?

• the negative charge of the phosphate groups

This structure of the heart is responsible for preventing blood from flowing in the wrong direction.

• valve

The diastolic pressure for a normal young adult would be

80 mm Hg

Blood in arteries

always travels away from the heart