Ch. 12 Blood Health & Nutrients (Nutrition and Health)

is bioavailability of iron better in vegan or traditional western diet

traditional western diet

what vitamin must be consumed consistently when taking a blood thinner

vit K

Consumption of high levels of folate supplements can mask deficiency of niacin. vitamin B12. iron. vitamin B6

vitamin B12

Iron absorption is enhanced by phytates. vitamin C. polyphenols. fiber.

vitamin C

Judy cut herself, and her blood never formed a clot to stop the bleeding. In which nutrient might she be deficient? calcium vitamin K zinc folate

vitamin K

how does Ca affect iron absorption

when Ca is abundant, iron absorption decreases

when does iron absorption increase

when body stores are low and there is an increased need

Which of the following BEST describes regulation of iron homeostasis? An individual's iron status is a major factor influencing iron absorption. Only heme iron is absorbed. Vitamin C prevents iron absorption. All dietary iron is absorbed, and excess is excreted through the kidneys.

An individual's iron status is a major factor influencing iron absorption

Which of the following characteristics is shared by iron and zinc? -Both are absorbed into enterocytes but then may be lost in the feces as enterocytes are sloughed off. -Both bind to metallothionein for transport into the bloodstream. -Neither regulates gene expression. -Neither is involved in glucose metabolism.

Both are absorbed into enterocytes but then may be lost in the feces as enterocytes are sloughed off.

How does folate function in maintaining blood health? Folate is essential for synthesis of new red blood cells. Folate acts as a coenzyme in blood coagulation. Folate is essential for iron oxidation. Folate is essential for the synthesis of heme iron.

Folate is essential for synthesis of new red blood cells.

Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo? Folate regulates bone formation. Folate is critical to the structure of hemoglobin. Folate is required for proper cell division. Folate is required for proper fluid balance.

Folate is required for proper cell division

Why is iron so critical to life? -Its main role is to function as part of cofactors involved in energy metabolism. -It is the only mineral involved in maintaining blood health. -It is the major mineral in the human body. -It is part of the hemoglobin protein that carries oxygen to all body cells.

It is part of the hemoglobin protein that carries oxygen to all body cells.

What vitamin increases iron absorption?

Vitamin C

Which disorder is closely associated with copper toxicity? rickets Wilson's disease Alzheimer's disease macrocytic anemia

Wilson's disease

megaloblastic anemia

associated with B12 deficiency

atrophic gastritis can cause

atrophic gastritis is low production of acid in stomach which can cause B12 deficiency due to poor absorption

Which of the following lists presents the foods in order from the best to the poorest source of iron? dark meat chicken, beef, white meat chicken white meat chicken, dark meat chicken, beef dark meat chicken, white meat chicken, beef beef, dark meat chicken, white meat chicken

beef, dark meat chicken, white meat chicken

important function of Vit K

blood coagulation

The copper-containing protein found in the blood that oxidizes iron for transport is ceruloplasmin. ferritin. ferric copper. transferrin.

ceruloplasmin

pica

compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as clay or ice

what form of iron is absorbed better: heme iron or non heme iron

heme iron

The majority of the body's iron is found in ferritin. hemoglobin. ferroportin. transferrin

hemoglobin

The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells is called myoglobin. iron. hemosiderin. hemoglobin

hemoglobin

Deficiencies of vitamin B12 or folate are associated with __________ anemia. microcytic hyperchromic intrinsic macrocytic

macrocytic

Which of the following foods is the best source of iron? meat grains milk fruits

meat

Which of the following is a good food source of zinc? meat dairy leafy greens oranges

meat

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of zinc? involved in maintaining structural integrity of proteins regulator of gene expression cofactor in over 100 different enzymes mineral component in the heme group of hemoglobin

mineral component in the heme group of hemoglobin

Which of the following vegetables would be the best source of iron? tomatoes cauliflower spinach carrots

spinach

heme iron

the iron in foods that is bound to the hemoglobin and myoglobin proteins; found only in meat, fish, and poultry

Jessi is a vegan and knows she needs to consume more iron. She does not want to take supplements, but instead get iron from natural foods. Which of the following would be the best source of iron for Jessi that does not include animal products? nuts lentils milk citrus fruits

lentils

The components of blood include erythrocytes, platelets, plasma, and __________. myoglobin leukocytes coenzymes ferritin

leukocytes

spina bifida

a congenital neural tube defect that occurs during early pregnancy. May be due to folate

Hemochromatosis

a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron

Wilson's disease

a genetic disorder of copper metabolism that creates a copper toxicity and results in neurologic symptoms such as tremors, impaired speech, inappropriate behaviors, and personality changes

Hephaestin

A copper-containing protein that oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ once iron is transported across the mucosal cell

Ceruloplasmin

Major copper carrying protein in the blood; plays a role in iron transport

B12 absorption requires

R binder (from saliva) and intrinsic factor (from stomach

Sam read that zinc supplementation can help prevent colds and has begun taking a daily supplement containing 50 mg zinc. What is a possible risk for Sam? copper deficiency protein-energy malnutrition folate deficiency omega-3 fatty acid deficiency

copper deficiency

Jane has recently been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. All of the following would be good advice to help Jane absorb more dietary iron EXCEPT __________. -drinking a glass of orange juice with her breakfast cereal -drinking a glass of milk with her iron supplement -eating meat with beans and vegetables -cooking her foods in cast-iron pans

drinking a glass of milk with her iron supplement

Macrocytic anemia

due to folate deficiency

what mineral is better absorbed by supplement

folic acid

non-heme iron

found in plant-based foods; not easily absorbed

what 2 minerals impair Cu absorption

iron and zinc

Ferritin

iron storage protein

Transferrin

iron transport protein

Vitamin B12 is unique among the B vitamins in all of the following ways EXCEPT that __________. it requires the intrinsic factor for absorption it can only be found in plant foods it contains cobalt it is stored in the liver

it can only be found in plant foods

Prothrombin and factor VII are transport proteins that aid in the absorption of iron. cofactors of energy metabolism. hormones that regulate the pH of the blood. proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood

proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood