CH 12 Management Loes
Behavior modification
An application of reinforcement theory, which involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself
Absenteeism
Poor morale is most likely to cause
Morale
the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues
Frederick Taylor
who analyzed jobs to improve efficiency?
Expectancy
A person's expectation that effort will lead to high performance
Flextime
A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period
undesirable long-term side effects
In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce
Expectancy
In expectancy theory, if a person believes that extra effort will lead to high performance, such as a bonus or commission, we are talking about the person's
Content theories
Motivational theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs, and then seek to identify what those needs are, are called
need
Sue wants to be warm, but she is not; she has a
The Hawthorne studies
The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to
Equity Theory
The examination of input-output ratios, employee contributions, and the perception of fairness is most associated with
Process Theories
The motivational theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform are called
Elton Mayo
The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies was
Relates to motivation
The value of each potential outcome which describes its importance
motivational factors
Those aspects of a job that relate to the content of the work, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement
Maintenance Factors
Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security
Social Learning Theory
What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?
Reinforcement theory
What name is given to a process theory that assumes that behavior may be reinforced by relating it to its consequences?
Hierarchy of Needs
What name is given to the order in which people strive to satisfy the five basic needs as theorized by Maslow—physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization?
Content Theories
What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?
Equity Theory
What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?
Goal-setting Theory
What term describes a theory that recognizes the importance of goals in improving employee performance?
may sometimes have negative effects on the organization
When financial institutions such as J.P. Morgan reward employees with bonuses and other financial incentives for making risky decisions, they may find that their attempts to motivate employees
Morale
Your company's work teams have won national awards for making the finest widgets ever seen. Your loyal and productive workers have never been more proud of their work. What important characteristic of motivation is probably at an all-time high at your company?