Ch 12,15,17,20,22,24,25,26
How is Avogadro's number related to the numbers on the periodic table? -The atomic mass listed is the mass of Avogadro's number's worth of atoms. -The masses are all divisible by Avogadro's number, which gives you the weight of one mole. -The periodic table tells you the mass of one atom. From that, and Avogadro's number you know the number of moles -The periodic table only gives us atomic numbers, not atomic mass. -The mass listed is Avogadro's number.
-The atomic mass listed is the mass of Avogadro's number's worth of atoms.
Which of the following statements describes an isotope? -element with the same number of protons but a different number of electrons -element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons -element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons -element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of electrons -none of the above
-element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
In the open ocean, surface currents are most affected by -frictional force (winds), the Coriolis force, and the pressure-gradient force. -winds, the Coriolis force, the pressure-gradient force, and land boundary conditions. -winds and gyres. -both winds and the Coriolis force.
-frictional force (winds), the Coriolis force, and the pressure-gradient force.
If an element has 15 protons and 16 neutrons and 15 electrons, what is the atomic mass of the element? 15 16 31 30 none of the above
31
How many oxygen molecules are needed to make 10 carbon dioxide molecules according to the following balanced chemical equation? 5 1 4 10 2
5
If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? 235/92 U 143 82 92 235 none of the above
92
The specific gravity of a mineral depends on the kinds of atoms of which it is composed. manner in which the atoms are packed in the crystal lattice. amount of the mineral. a and b
A and B
The rock cycle is a concept that predicts which of the following will undergo ongoing, constant change? igneous sedimentary metamorphic All of the above
All of the above
Which atom is smallest? Ca Be Sr Mg All are the same size.
Be
The element bromine, Br (atomic number 35), has two major isotopes of similar abundance, both around 50 percent. The atomic mass of bromine is reported in the periodic table as 79.904 atomic mass units. Choose the most likely set of mass numbers for these two bromine isotopes. Br-80, Br-81 Br-79, Br-81 Br-79, Br-80 Br-78, Br-80
Br-79, Br-81
Which element has the atomic number 9? Be F Na B Ne
F
Which of the following has the greatest number of nonbonding pairs of electrons? F C H He
F
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks have undergone little change since Earth formed. True False
False
Which of the following physical properties would you expect for krypton (Kr)? shiny hard brittle a gas at room temperature conducts electricity
Gas at room temp
Which of the following is not the name of a chemical family? noble gases transition metals alkali metals alkaline-earth metals heavy metals
Heavy metals
Cold days are associated with low surface pressure. high surface pressure. Chinook winds. none of the above.
High surface pressure
Which of the following statements accurately describes the action of ozone? It absorbs UV radiation and undergoes fragmentation. It reflects UV radiation back into space It reflects heat back into space It emits UV radiation when excited by sunlight
It absorbs UV radiation and undergoes fragmentation.
How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction? - It lowers the activation energy. -It is neither created nor consumed in a reaction -It has nothing to do with the rate of reaction. -It increases the energy difference between the reactants and products -It raises the activation energy of the reactants, which makes the reaction proceed faster.
It lowers the activation energy.
What is the compound that forms if you react potassium and sulfur? K2S KS SP PS2 SkP
K2S
Which element has the atomic number 12? B Mg Be Na C
Mg
What it the main difference between an ionic and a covalent bond? -One is the sharing of a pair of electrons, the other is the transfer of at least one electron -One involves electrons, the other does not involve any electrons. -The electrons in both types of bonding undergo an exchange. -The electrons are traded between the two atoms and this keeps the atoms close. -Both bonds are the same, but named different to describe different atoms involved.
One is the sharing of a pair of electrons, the other is the transfer of at least one electron
Which element is the most abundant in Earth's crust? Oxygen Silicon Sodium Aluminum
Oxygen
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -2 charge? S Na Ne Mg Cl
S
Which of these is not a metal? potassium (atomic no. = 19) vanadium (atomic no. = 23) gallium (atomic no. = 31) selenium (atomic no. = 34) lithium (atomic no. = 3)
Selenium
Which pulls on the oceans of Earth with the greater force? The Moon. The Sun and the Moon both pull the same. The Sun
The Sun
A friend argues that if mass were really conserved he would never need to refill his gas tank. What explanation do you offer your friend? -The atoms (mass) of gasoline are converted into exhaust fumes. -The atoms (mass) of gasoline are converted into energy by the engine according to E=m . -The Law of Conservation of Mass does not apply to reactions involving combustion or explosion of matter. -The oil companies make gasoline in a way that it gets used up so that we are always required to replenish it.
The atoms (mass) of gasoline are converted into exhaust fumes.
Temperature increases with altitude in the troposphere. mesosphere. thermosphere. all of these
Thermosphere
What is the main difficulty in trying to eliminate chlorinated fluorocarbons from the atmosphere? -They are very stable and take a long time to decompose completely -They are too light and blow away. -They do not absorb ultraviolet radiation -all of the above
They are very stable and take a long time to decompose completely
Which of the following might best explain the reason why electrons are restricted to certain energy levels in an atom? They behave like chaotic waves of alternating frequency. They are out of phase and self-destruct when outside of distinct energy regions. They are interacting with the light around the atom. They are travelling at very high speeds. They behave like restricted waves and are self-reinforcing.
They behave like restricted waves and are self-reinforcing.
Sandstone is sand that has been consolidated into a solid mass. True False
True
Sedimentary rocks were formed from particles or dissolved materials from older rocks. True False
True
Very rapid cooling of magma produces glass rather than a mineral. True False
True
Given the following generic chemical reaction, which is the product? X → Y Y is the product. X is the product → is the product Both X and Y are the products Both X and Y are the reactants
Y is the product
Why might increasing the concentration of a set of reactants increase the rate of reaction? -You have increased the chances that any two reactant molecules will collide and react. -You have increased the ratio of reactants to products. The concentration of reactants is unrelated to the rate of reaction. -The rate of reaction depends only on the mass of the atoms and therefore increases as you increase the mass of the reactants
You have increased the chances that any two reactant molecules will collide and react.
The necessary condition to produce an artesian system is an unconfined aquifer that intersects the land surface. a confined aquifer under sufficient pressure. a confined aquifer that intersects the water table. any of thes
a confined aquifer under sufficient pressure.
Which of the following best describes ionic bonding? -one atom giving up some of its electrons to another atom -two atoms sharing a set of electrons -two atoms exchanging a set of electrons -when two elements with same charge are held together by electrostatic forces -No answer text provided.
one atom giving up some of its electrons to another atom
What is the valence shell? It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom. It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom It is the shell of electrons in element V (atomic no. = 23) It is the same as the orbital configuration.
outermost shell of electrons in an atom
Most of Earth's fresh water is located in polar ice caps and glaciers. groundwater. rivers, lakes, and streams. the atmosphere.
polar ice caps and glaciers.
Water able to be contained in the subsurface depends on permeability. porosity. chemical composition. none of these
porosity.
Snow converts to glacial ice when subjected to decreasing temperature. pressure. basal sliding. plastic deformation.
pressure.
Which of the following elements will most likely be shiny and flexible? silicon (Si) iodine (I) rhodium (Rh) hydrogen (H) helenium (Se)
rhodium (Rh)
The relationship between rocks that are continually changing over long periods of time is called geology. mineralogy. rock cycle. weathering.
rock cycle
The infiltration of water is greatest in calcite-cemented sandstone. sandy soil. clay soil. silica-cemented sandstone.
sandy soil.
Weathered sediments are pressed and cemented to form sedimentary rocks. metamorphic rocks. igneous rocks. ferromagnesians.
sedimentary rocks.
Accumulations of silt, sand, or other materials that settle out of water are called precipitates. solutes. clay. sediments.
sediments
Based on its abundance in Earth's crust, most rocks will contain a mineral composed of oxygen and the element sulfur. carbon. silicon. iron.
silicon
The elements that occur most frequently in minerals found in the crust are carbon and oxygen. oxygen and iron. magnesium and iron. silicon and oxygen
silicon and oxygen
The most abundant elements in Earth's crust are nitrogen and oxygen. iron and aluminum. silicon and oxygen. aluminum and silicon.
silicon and oxygen.
A glacier forms when snow accumulates to form ice and the ice mass begins to flow under its own weight. temperatures do not rise above freezing. snow moves downslope under the influence of gravity. meltwater at the base of a snowmass contributes to downslope flow.
snow accumulates to form ice and the ice mass begins to flow under its own weight.
The driving force of our planet's hydrologic cycle comes from the balance between precipitation and evaporation. precipitation of water over the oceans. solar energy. wind
solar energy.
The ozone layer is a region within the stratosphere. ionosphere. troposphere. mesosphere.
stratosphere.
The color of a mineral when it is finely powdered is defined as the streak. spot. luster. color
streak
Deltas form as periodic flooding clogs stream channels. erosion clogs stream channels. stream gradient decreases. streams enter a standing body of water
streams enter a standing body of water
Wind is generated in response to -temperature differences only. -pressure differences only. -temperature and pressure differences, and the unequal heating of Earth's surface. -the unequal heating of Earth's surface only
temperature and pressure differences, and the unequal heating of Earth's surface.
Because of the Coriolis force, a wind in the Northern Hemisphere is deflected downward. toward the left. upward. toward the right
towards the right
Water in a confined aquifer is freely flowing. under pressure. recharge. discharge
under pressure.
The group that is not a class of rocks is sedimentary. igneous. volcanic. metamorphic.
volcanic.
Going from most significant to least significant, the atmospheric gases contributing to the greenhouse effect include water vapor and carbon dioxide. carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxides, and CFCs. carbon dioxide and water vapor. water vapor, CFCs, carbon dioxide, and ozone.
water vapor and carbon dioxide.
A rock's permeability can be described by its density. depth of burial. water-holding capacity. water-transmitting capability, or hydraulic conductivity.
water-transmitting capability, or hydraulic conductivity.
Of the three agents of erosion-water, wind and ice-the one with the ability to move only the smallest particles is ice. water. turbulent water. wind.
wind.
Which of the following statements best describes a relatively polar bond? a very electronegative atom and a weakly electronegative atom are covalently bound two very electronegative atoms are covalently bound two very electronegative atoms undergo ionic bonding two weakly electronegative atoms undergo ionic bonding
a very electronegative atom and a weakly electronegative atom are covalently bound
Which of the following is not a property of metal? does not conduct heat well conducts electricity is shiny is strong, but can be bent
does not conduct heat well
What are metalloids? -elements that are larger than nonmetals -elements that have properties different than either the metals or the nonmetals -elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals -elements that are smaller than metals -elements found in asteroids
elements that have properties different than either the metals or the nonmetals
The greater the hydraulic gradient the slower the flow. faster the flow. greater the porosity. less the permeability.
faster the flow.
When a wave moves, the water follows a roughly circular path. moves along with the wave. moves with the wave to a depth of one-half the wavelength, while deeper water follows a circular orbit. follows a straight up and down path
follows a roughly circular path
Fresh water leaves the ocean by evaporation and formation of ice. and seawater freezing. sublimation, seawater freezing. precipitation, and runoff.
formation of ice
The flow of groundwater is as fast as the water in streams. from where the water table is high to where it is low. from where the water table is low to where it is high. insignificant.
from where the water table is high to where it is low.
Most of Earth's accessible fresh water is located in polar ice caps and glaciers. groundwater. rivers, lakes, and streams. the atmosphere.
groundwater.
Going from continental land toward the deep ocean basin, the continental margin consists of the -shelf, abyssal plain, and the mid-ocean ridge. -shelf, the slope, and the rise. -rise, the slope, and the shelf. -slope, the shelf, and the rise.
helf, the slope, and the rise.
Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the periodic table. Rather than being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table because hydrogen and helium repel one another. the sizes of their atoms are vastly different. helium is most similar to other group 18 elements. they come from different sources.`
helium is most similar to other group 18 elements.
The most common rock type in Earth's crust is igneous. sedimentary. metamorphic. clastic
igneous
As a scuba diver descends into the open ocean, pressure decreases and temperatures increase. increases and temperatures decrease. and temperatures increase. and temperatures decrease.
increases and temperatures decrease.
If evaporation exceeds precipitation, the salinity of the ocean in the area decreases. increases. stays the same. gets denser.
increases.
The ocean can be divided into several vertical layers-the surface zone, a transition zone, and the deep zone. As one descends to lower depths, water pressure and temperature decreases; decreases increases; increases increases; decreases decreases; increases
increases; decreases
If the Moon were four times as massive but twice as far from Earth, high tides on Earth would be no different. lower. higher
lower.
Glaciers lose mass by crevassing. calving. melting and calving. melting and crevassing
melting and calving.
The property that is not considered useful in identifying minerals is hardness. luster. density. melting point
melting point
If an element has 10 protons and 11 neutrons and 10 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element? neon-11 neon-31 neon-21 sodium-11 sodium-20
neon-21
Most of Earth's water is in the ground. oceans. rivers, lakes, and stream. polar ice caps
oceans
Water is vital to life on our planet. Most of Earth's water supply is in the oceans. ice caps. rivers, lakes, and streams. ground.
oceans.
A fully developed cyclonic storm is most likely to form on a stationary front. in a high-pressure center. from differential heating. over a cool ocean
on a stationary front.
Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: a gold coin, dollar bill, car engine, air pollution, virus, spread of sexually transmitted disease? -physical model-gold coin, car engine, virus; conceptual model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease; dollar bill, which could represent wealth, may well be described by either model. -physical model-gold coin, dollar bill, car engine; conceptual model-virus, air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease -conceptual model-gold coin, car engine, virus; physical model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease, dollar bill -You could adequately describe all of the topics by either model. The choice depends only on the characteristics requiring description.
-physical model-gold coin, car engine, virus; conceptual model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease; dollar bill, which could represent wealth, may well be described by either model.
Earth's atmosphere is similar to the panes of glass in a greenhouse, it allows the Sun's -short-wavelength radiation to enter, but blocks long-wavelength terrestrial radiation from leaving. -ultraviolet light to enter, and prevents the infrared light from leaving. -infrared light radiation to enter, and prevents the short-wavelengths from leaving. -infrared light to enter, and blocks the visible terrestrial light from leaving.
-short-wavelength radiation to enter, but blocks long-wavelength terrestrial radiation from leaving.
the ionosphere is an electrified ion-rich area -in the uppermost troposphere. -where air density and solar radiation is low. -where atoms lose their electrons and are negatively charged. -within the uppermost mesosphere and thermosphere .
-within the uppermost mesosphere and thermosphere .
Balance the following chemical equation. ________ N2 + ________ H2 → ________ NH3 1, 3, 2 1, 2, 3 3, 2, 1 2, 6, 4 1/2, 3/2, 1
1,3,2
What is the formula mass of a molecule of C6H12O6? 180 amu 24 amu 29 amu 168 amu
180
Which of the following elements are in the same period as magnesium (Mg)? Ca Sr Mn Cl none of the above
Cl
The annual amount of snow lost by a glacier is called accumulation. sublimation. ablation. sustation.
ablation.
What is the name for the following polyatomic ion? C2H3CO2-1 acetate monocarboxylate carboxylix acidic acetic
acetate
Which of the following statements about electrons is true? Electrons behave like waves. Electrons in atoms can be excited by light energy. Electrons have a negative charge. Electrons are particles. all of the above
all of the above
Glaciers flow downslope. A glacier moves fastest when it begins to melt. at its surface and in the center. at its base and along its sides. when ablation exceeds accumulation.
at its surface and in the center.
If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element? atomic mass 142 amu; Einsteinium atomic mass, 99 amu; Radon atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium atomic mass, 137 amu; Barium
atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium
Groundwater is water beneath the ground surface. above the water table. that soaks into the ground. below the water table.
below the water table.
Fast moving, turbulent streams are highly erosive, they can carry large sediment particles and a large volume of sediment. meander and flood into deltas. deposit only fine silts and muds. form U-shaped valleys from gullies.
carry large sediment particles and a large volume of sediment.
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the processes of compaction and pressurization. melting. cementation. heating but not melting.
cementation
An atom loses an electron to another atom. Is this an example of a physical or chemical change? chemical change involving the formation of ions physical change involving the formation of negative ions chemical change involving the formation of neutral atoms physical change involving the formation of positive ions
chemical change involving the formation of ions
Igneous rocks that formed by cooling slowly from a molten magma will have fine grains. no grains. coarse grains. a glassy texture.
coarse grains.
The origin of Earth's oceans is from comet debris. volcanic eruptions. comets and volcanic eruptions. melting of polar ice caps.
comets and volcanic eruptions.
White, puffy cumulus clouds that form over a flat region of the country during the late afternoon of a clear, warm day are probably the result of convection. a barrier to moving air. the meeting of moving air masses. None of the above is correct.
convection.
