ch 13+12

Generation of computer languages, also known as task-oriented languages, that use abbreviation or mnemonics that are automatically converted to the appropriate binary code.

2GL

Generation of computer languages, also known as high-level procedural languages, that are designed to express the logic that can solve general problems.

3GL

Procedural languages are also known as

3GLs.

Generation of computer languages that allows a person to provide a system with a problem and some constraints, and then request a solution.

5GL

A tool that assists programmers by providing some automaton and assistance in program design, coding, and testing.

CASE

Two resources that promise to help increase software development efficiency and productivity are

CASE tools and object-oriented software development.

An organization chart shows where the hardware is located within the organization.

False

If a firm is deciding upon the acceptance of a project with a value of $10,000, and if the client has a good credit history, the firm will most likely use the grid chart in the decision-making process.

False

Very few tools are available to assist system analysts and end users in analyzing data.

False

In order to obtain financing to continue to Phase 2: Systems Analysis, the systems analyst does this.

Prepares a preliminary investigation report

Which step in the six-step programming procedure is the final step?

Program maintenance

_______ languages focus on processing data and information for a wide variety of different types of applications.

Programming

This is the process of building a model that can be modified before the actual system is installed.

Prototyping

This individual studies an organization's systems to determine what actions to take and how to use computer technology to assist them.

Systems analyst

In this phase of the systems life cycle, new or alternative information systems are designed.

Systems design

This document presents the costs versus the benefits and outlines the effect of alternative designs on the organization.

Systems design report

Identify the sixth phase of the systems life cycle.

Systems maintenance

Which of the following phases of the systems life cycle is considered to be an ongoing activity?

Systems maintenance

________ of the system happens after the installation of software and hardware.

Testing

A systems analyst uses the six-phase systems life cycle to improve and maintain information systems.

True

In the testing step of the systems development phase, processed information is evaluated to see whether the results are correct.

True

The top-down analysis method breaks components into smaller components to make each component easier to analyze and deal with.

True

Which programming generation uses abbreviations or mnemonics such as ADD that are automatically converted to the appropriate sequence of 1s and 0s?

assembly

What type of testing asks potential users to try out a program and provide feedback?

beta

The process of actually writing the program is called

coding

Selecting the ________ is the first step in implementing a new system.

conversion type

The systems design report presents the ________.

costs versus the benefits

A program is a list of instructions for the computer to follow to process.

data

The process of testing and then eliminating program errors.

debugging

New hardware and software are acquired, developed, and tested in the systems ________ stage of the systems life cycle.

development

The ________ approach to systems implementation is considered the riskiest.

direct

The software development step that is particularly important for people who may be involved with the program in the future including users, operators, and programmers. Program step that involves creating descriptions and procedures about a program and how to use it.

documentation

System ________ show the flow of input data to processing and finally to output.

flowcharts

Task-oriented languages were introduced in this generation.

fourth generation

A(n) ________ shows the relationship between input and output documents.

grid chart

Programming languages that are closer to the language humans use are called

high-level.

A(n) ________ is a collection of hardware, software, people, procedures, and data.

information system

Converts a procedural language one statement at a time into machine code just before it is to be executed.

interpreter

What type of error occurs when a programmer uses an incorrect calculation or leaves out a programming procedure? Type of error that occurs when a programmer uses an incorrect calculation or leaves out a programming procedure.

logic

The first-generation language consisting of 1s and 0s.

machine

The type of programmer who specializes in the last step in the six steps of programming.

maintenance

What testing method uses a calculator and sample data to look for programming logic errors by comparing hand-calculated values to those calculated by the programs?

manual

The major processing steps identified in a top-down program design are called

modules.

5GL that allows more direct human communication with a program.

natural language

A compiler converts the programmer's procedural language program, called the source code, into a machine language code, called the

object code.

Unlike traditional systems development, this software development approach focuses less on the procedures and more on defining the relationships between previously defined procedures.

object-oriented

The ________ approach to systems implementation is used only in cases in which the cost of failure or of interrupted operation is great.

parallel

In general, the pilot and ________ approaches are the most favored conversion approaches.

phased

Which software development step follows after program specification?

program design (program specification, program design, program code (or coding), program test, program documentation, and program maintenance.)

Used in program design, this tool presents a graphic presentation of the detailed sequence of steps needed to solve a programming problem.

program flowchart

Which step in the six-step programming procedure involves desk checking and searching for syntax and logic errors?

program test

A _____ uses a collection of symbols, words, and phrases that instruct a computer to perform specific operations.

programming languages

An outline of the logic of the program to be written.

pseudocode

The 4GL languages that enable nonprogrammers to use certain easily understood commands to search and generate reports from a database are called

query.

Which basic logic structure is also known as a loop structure?

repetition

Logic structure, also known as an IF-THEN-ELSE structure, that controls program flow based on a decision.

selection

The programming logic structure in which one program statement follows another.

sequential

The three logic structures are selection, repetition, and _____.

sequential (selection, repetition, sequential)

Another name for programming is

software development.

One of the best ways to code effective programs is to use the three basic logic structures to create

structured programs.

An important aspect of the preliminary investigation phase is to ________.

suggest alternative solutions

What type of error is a violation of the rules of a programming language?

syntax

The ________ report describes the current information system, the requirements for a new system, and a possible development schedule.

systems analysis