Ch 14 Micro
Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins? a. complement b. albumin c. interferon d. histamine e. lysozyme
C
Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte a. neutrophil b. macrophage c. Kupffer cell d. monocyte e. lymphocyte
E
all of the following comprise the second line of defense except a. fever b. complement proteins c. inflammation d. phagocytosis e. antibody production
E
The normal human microbiota is considered part of the 1st line of defense because a, microbial antagonism keeps potential pathogens in check b. resident bacterial cells stimulate phagocytosis of pathogens c. pathogens and normal biota cannot exist in the same location cd. microbiota cause an inflammatory response, eliminating pathogens
A
What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin and neck a. lymph nodes b. thymus c. spleen d. GALT e. Tonsils
A
Which body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic ph, lactic acid and a tough cell barrrier with its own normal biota? a. skin b. resp tract c. digestive tract d. urinary tract e. eyes
A
Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis a. diapedesis b. chemotaxis c. phagolysosome formation d. destruction e. ingestion
A
which of the following is incorrect about inflammation a. inflammation can last hours to years b. pyrogens cause vasodfilation and increased capillary permeability c. serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction d. fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen e. basophils and mast cells release histamine
A
A patient visits your clinic often with recurrent resp infections. Based upon their medical history it appears they have been an active smoker for over 40 years. Select the statement that most accurately reflects how this info may reveal why the patient is highly susceptible to resp pathogens a., smoking decreases the formation and effectiveness of complement proteins b. smoking can paralyze the ciliary escalator c. smoking decreases the acitivyt of neutrophils d. smoking directly inhibits b and t cell action
B
During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication? a. inflammatiuon b. phagocytosis c., interferon production d. complement production e. lysozume production
B
Each of the following are benefits of fever except a. it reduces the ability of temperature sensitive organisms to multiply b. it increases the availibility of iron c. it increases phagocytosis cd. it increases metabolism e. it stimulates hematopoiesis
B
Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it a. is toxic to pathogens b. it creates a physical barrier against pathogens c. detroys pathogens d. physically restricts pathogens to a specific region
B
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are called ___ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that appear with identifying characteristic colors in a stained blood smear a. leukocytes b. granulocytes c., agranulocytes d. monocytes
B
The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are a. basophils b. eisinophils c. neutrophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes
B
The leakage of vascular fluid into tissues is called a. chemotaxis b. edema c. diapedesis d. vasoactivity e. pus
B
The main function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to provide a. surveillance cells b. a connection between tissue and organs c. filtration of extracellular fluid d. filtration of blood
B
Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes? a. lymph nodes b. thymus c. spleen d. GALT e. Tonsils
B
Which of the following is incorrect about complement a. it is composed of at least 20 blood proteins b. ot only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen c. it acts in a cascade reaction ]d. it involves a classical pathway e. it involves an alternate oathway
B
Which type of white blood cell is particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections a. monocytes b. eosinophils c,. basophils d. neutrophils e. lymphocytes
B
Which of the following is a chemical used byu phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances a. hydrogen peroxide b. nitric oxide c. lactic acid d. superoxide anion e. all of the above
E
Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation? a. start tissue repair b. destroys microbes c. mobilizes and attract i immune components to injury site d. block futrther invasion e. cause a fever
E
The mononuclear phagocyte system is an intricate network throughout the body that compromises a. connective tissue fibers and phagocytic wbc b. conncective tissue and lymphocytes c. connective tissue and monocytes d. connective tissue fibers, mast cells, and basophils
A
Plasma ________. a. is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended b. is mostly water c. contains albumin and globulins d. contains fibrinogen e. All of the choices are correct.
E
The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except a. redness b. warmth c, swelling d. pain e. chills
E
A type of monocyte that has long, thin processes to trap pathogens are a. dendritic cell b. eopsinophil c. magrophage d. platelet e. mast cell
A
After loading wood into a fireplace, you realize you have gotten a splinter in your finger. Within a short period of time, your finger is painful, red, and swollen, and is warm to the touch. This is an example of ______. a. nonspecific resistance b. specific resistance c. acquired immunity d. adaptive immunity
A
All of the following pertain to platelets, except a. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen to co2 b. they function primarily in hemostaiss c. they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes d. they function in blood clotting and inflammation e. they are not whole cells but are peices of cells
A
Genetic markers that distinguish a self cell from a foreign invader are typicallyu a. proteins or glycoproteins b. DNA or RNA c. lipids or lipoproteins d. polysaccharides
A
Histamine, serotonn, and bradykinin are all a. vasoactive mediators b. mediators of b cell activity c. mediators of t cell activity d. mediators that increase chemotaxis e. fever inducers
A
Humoral immunity involves ___, while ___ function in cell-mediated immunity a. B CELLS, T CELLS b. t cells, b cells c. monocytes, basophils d. basoiphils, t cells e. b cells, neutrophils
A
If an individual has a genetic disorder whereby they lack the ability to make complement protein c3 the likely consquence is a,. a higher incidence of bacterial and viral infedctions b. the inability to synthesize antibodies ]c, excessive fever development d. enhanced inflammation
A
Microbial antagonism is the ___ a., competition for nutrients, opxygen and space between the resident microbiota and potential pathogens b. inhibition of t cell binding to microbes c, prevention of immune responses by the resident micriota d. suppresiion of the complement cascade by microbes
A
One of the major differences between the first and second line of defense is that a, the first line are anatomical barriers whereas the second line are mechanisms b. the firsst line defenses involve complement proteins whereas the seocnd line defenses involve antibodies c. the first line involve the resp tract whereas the seond involve the GI tract d. the first are mechanisms whereas the second are physical barriers
A
The least numberous of all wbc that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are a. basophils b.eisinophils c. neutrophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes
A
The granules of eosinophils contain a. antibodies. b. antigens. c. serotonin d. histamine e. peroxidase
E
A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body. a. heat b. pain c. chills d. sweating
C
All of the following are granulocytes except a. neutrophils b. eosinophils c. lymphocytes d. basophils e. all
C
Hematopoiesis is the a. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging b. the production of only rbc c. the production of wbc, rbc, and platelets d. plugging of broken vesells to stop bleeding e. migration of wbc from the blood out into the tissues
C
Immune system cells differentiate between self and forign cells by their a. cell walls b. sha[es c. markers d. sizes e. cell processes
C
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has chemicals i its cell wall that inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes, which statement is true a, Complement proteins will take over to destroy the bacteria b. the bacterium can produce chemicals which can destroy the amcrophage housing the bacterium c. the bacterium can survive and replicate inside the phagocytic cell d. antibodies produced by the cell can more effectively kill the bacteria
C
The ___ system of blood proteins act to lyse foreign cells and viruses a. humoral immunity b. cell mediated c. complement d. lymphoid
C
The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is a. lactic acid b. hydrochloric acid c. the skins scididc ph and fatty acids d. the stomach hydrochloric acid E. all are correct
C
The granules of neutrophils contain a. antibodies. b. antigens. c. digestive enzymes. d. histamine. e. peroxidase.
C
The membran attack stage of the complement cascade involves a. initiation of the cascase b. the production of inflammatory cytokines c. a ring shaped protein digesting holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes d. the cleaving of c3 to yeild c3a and c3b e. c1q binding to surface receptors on a membrane
C
The most numerous WBC that have multilobes nuclei and are very phagocytic are ___ a. basophils b.eisinophils c. neutrophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes
C
The term _____ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response. a. antibody b. allergen c. antigen d. foreign body
C
What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances a. MALTs B. RES c. PAMPs D. BALT E. IFN's
C
Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells a. after birth, they are produced in red bone marrow sites b. they develop from undifferentiated stem cells d. they include glial cells d. they include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes e. they include erythrocytes that when mature lose their nuclei
C
Which of the following is mismatched in relation to inflammation a. rubor-redness b. calor-warmth c. tumor-cancer d. dolor pain
C
Which of the following lyphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood a. lymph nodes b. thymus c. spleen d. GALT e. Tonsils
C
When monocytes migrtate from the blood out to the tissues, they are tranformed by inflammatory mediators to develelop into a. primary phagocytes b. neutrophils c. killer t cells d. cytotoxic t cells e. macrophages
E
A properly functioning immune system is responsible for a. surveillance of the body b. recognition of foreign material c. destruction of foreign material d. all of the above
D
Lysozyme is found in a. tears b, salivary secretions c. sweat from sweat glands d. all of the above
D
Place the following cells in order from greatest to least phaocytic activity: neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages a. neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages b. neutrophils, machrophages, eosinophils c, eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils d. macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils e. machrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils
D
The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are a. complement b. interferons c. leukotrines d. pyrogens e. lysozymes
D
The granules of basophils contain a. antibodies. b. antigens. c. digestive enzymes. d. histamine. e. lysozyme.
D
The lumphoid tussues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as a. lymph nodes b. thymus c. spleen d. GALT e. Tonsils
D
What is the first step in the major events of the inflammatory process a. formation of pus and edema b. scar formatin and or resolution c. vascular reactions d. injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators e. activation of complement
D
Which WBC compromise 3-7% of circulating WBC are phaocytic and can migrate out into body tissues to differtiate into macrophages a. basophils b.eisinophils c. neutrophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes
D
Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function a. blood stream b. extracellular fluid c., lymphatic systme d. intracellular fluid
D
Which of the following represents the correct order of activity in the complement cascase a. membrane attack, initiation, polumerization and amplification b. initiation , membran attack, polymerization and amplification c. amplification, initiation, membran attack andpolymerization d. initiation, amplification, polymerization and membrane attack e. polymerization, initiation, membrane attackk, and amplification
D
You cut your finger dicing chicken for dinner. Which of the following is not a source of chemicals that stimulate the inflammatory response that results from the injur a. host tissues damaged by the knife b. bacterial cells that infect the wound c. localized leyukocytosis d, antibody producing plasma cells
D
You have severe itching problems when bitten by an insect. Your friend gives you an ointment to spread on your skin around the bite so that the redness and itching do not bother you. The likely mechanism of this medication would be: a. the destruction of phagocytic cells b. the inactivation of neuytrophils .c. the inhibition of lysozyme d. to act as an antagonist of histamine
D
Your 81 year old grandfather has been diagnosed with cancer of the thymus. The doctor is urging surgical removal of the cancer, but you and the family are worried about the consequences of removing an entire organ such as the thymus. Which statement is correct? a. your granfather would not be able to produce complement proteins necessary for pathogen control and inflammtion b. your grandfather will have a loss of t lymphocytesand will h ave an iummune deficiency c. your granffather would not have sufficient phagocytic cells and woyuld not be able to contain bacterial infections d. there is nothing to worry about, thymus removal will not affect your grandfathers immune status at this age
D
plasma cells__ a. function in cell mediated immunity b. are derived from t lymphocytes c. funtion in blood clotting d. produce and secrete antibodies
D
Which WBC compromise 20-30% oif all circulating wbc and are the cells that funmction in the bodys immune system a. basophils b.eisinophils c. neutrophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes
E
All of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except a. unbroken skin b. mucous c. hairs d. tears e. t cells
E
All of the following pertain to interferon except a. it is a protein b. it is produced by certain WBC and tissue cells c. it includes alpha, beta and gamma typers d. it inhibits viruses, tumors and cancer gene expression e. it increases capillary permeability and vasodilation
E
Components of the first line of defense include all the following except a. the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin b. nasal hairs c. the flushing action of tears and blinking d. the flushing action of urine e. phagocytic wbc
E
Diapedesis is the A. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. B. production of only red blood cells. C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. D. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.
E
Each of the following is a term reflecting a process involved in the migration of wbc except a. chemotaxis b. diapedesis c. motility d, vasodilation e., phagocytosis
E
Nonspecific chemical defenses include A. lysozyme. B. lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. C. skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. D. stomach hydrochloric acid. E. All of the choices are correct.
E
The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the a. skin b. resp tract c. digestive tract d. urinary tract e. eyes
b