CH. 15

Renaissance

A French word meaning "rebirth," used to describe a cultural movement that began in fourteenth-century Italy and looked back to the classical past

Protestant

Originally meaning "a follower of Luther," this term came to be generally applied to all non-Catholic western European Christians

indulgence

A document issued by the pope that substituted for earthly penance or time in purgatory

humanism

A program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature.

Protestant Reformation

A religious reform movement that began in the early sixteenth century and split the Western Christian Church.

debate about women

An argument about women's character, nature, and proper role in society that began in the later years of the fourteenth century and lasted for centuries

Diet of Worms

An assembly of representatives from the territories of the Holy Roman Empire convened by Charles V in the city of Worms in 1521. It was here that Martin Luther refused to recant his writings

Jesuits

Calvin's teaching that God decided at the beginning of time who would be saved and who damned, so people could not actively work to achieve salvation

Predestination

Calvin's teaching that God decided at the beginning of time who would be saved and who damned, so people could not actively work to achieve salvation

witch-hunt

Campaign against witchcraft in Europe and European colonies during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in which hundreds of thousands of people, mostly women, were tried, and many of them executed

politiques

Catholic and Protestant moderates who sought to end the religious violence in France by restoring a strong monarchy and granting official recognition to the Huguenots

patronage

Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles

Huguenots

French Calvinists

Christian humanists

Humanists from northern Europe who thought that the best elements of classical and Christian cultures should be combined and saw humanist learning as a way to bring about reform of the church and deepen people's spiritual lives