Ch. 17-2 Revolts in the Italian States, Ch. 17-3 Breakdown of the Concert of Europe, Italian Unification

Two Sicilies

A branch of the Bourbon dynasty ruled the ___ _______ (Sicily and Naples), and a revolt had broken out in Sicily against the king.

Italy and Germany

A defeated and humiliated Russia withdrew from European affairs for the next 20 years. Austria was now without friends among the great powers. This situation opened the door to the unification of _____ and _____.

Piedmont

After the failure of the revolution of 1848, people began to look to the northern Italian state of ______ for leadership in achieving the unification of Italy.

Venetia

Austria retained control of .

Austrians

By 1849, however, the ______ had reestablished complete control over Lombardy and Venetia. The old order also prevailed in the rest of Italy.

Treaty of Paris

By the ____ of _____, signed in March 1856, Russia agreed to allow Moldavia and Walachia to be placed under the protection of all the great powers.

nationalists

Cavour's success caused ______ in other Italian states (Parma, Modena, and Tuscany) to overthrow their governments and join their states to Piedmont.

Nice and Savoy

Following that conflict, a peace settlement gave ____ and ______ to the French.

Lombardy and Venetia

In 1848 a revolt broke out against the Austrians in ______ and ______.

Italian Peninsula

In 1850 Austria was still the dominant power on the _____ ______.

Turkish Balkan provinces

In 1853 the Russians invaded the _____ ____ ______ of Moldavia and Walachia. In response, the Ottoman Turks declared war on Russia.

Franco-Prussian

In 1870, during the ______-______ War, French troops withdrew from Rome.

new state

On March 17, 1861, a ____ ______ of Italy was proclaimed under King Victor Emmanuel II.

Louis-Napoleon

So he made an alliance with the French emperor _____-_______. Cavour then provoked the Austrians into declaring war in 1859.

nine states

The Congress of Vienna had set up ____ ______ in Italy, which were divided among the European powers.

Prussia

The Italians gained control of Venetia as a result of supporting _____ in a war between Austria and ______.

Austria and Russia

______ and ______, the chief powers maintaining the status quo before the 1850s, were now enemies. _____, with its own interests in the Balkans, had refused to support _____ in the Crimean War.

Crimean War

The ______ ___ was the result of a long-term struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

Concert of Europe

The effect of the Crimean War was to destroy the _____ of ______.

Savoy

The royal house of _____ ruled the Kingdom of Piedmont.

King Victor Emmanuel II

The ruler of Piedmont, beginning in 1849, was King ____ ________ II.

Rome

Their withdrawal enabled the Italian army to annex ____ on September 20, 1870. ____ became the capital of the new European state.

Kingdom of Piedmont in the north; the Two Sicilies (Naples and Sicily); the Papal States; a handful of small states; and the northern provinces of Lombardy and Venetia, which were now part of the Austrian Empire.

These states included the

Great Britain and France

_____ _____ and _____, fearful of Russian gains in this war, declared war on Russia the following year. This conflict came to be called the Crimean War.

Camillo di Cavour

_____ di _____ was the prime minister in 1852. As prime minister, Cavour pursued a policy of economic growth in order to equip a large army. Cavour, however, knew that Piedmont's army was not strong enough to defeat the Austrians.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

______ _______, a dedicated patriot, raised an army of a thousand volunteers.

Russia

______ was especially interested in expanding its power into Ottoman lands in the Balkans. This expansion would allow _____ ships to sail through the Dardanelles, the straits between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. If _____ could achieve this goal, it would become the major power in eastern Europe and challenge British naval control of the eastern Mediterranean.

Lombardy

______, which had been under Austrian control, was given to Piedmont.

Revolutionaries

________ in other Italian states also took up arms and sought to create liberal constitutions and a unified Italy.