CH 18 Blood Vessels and Circuits

Oxygenated blood and nutrients are delivered to the fetus via the: A. umbilical vein. B. ductus venosus. C. paired umbilical arteries. D. foramen ovale

A. umbilical vein.

The carotid sinus: A. enters the skull through the carotid canal of the temporal bones. B contains baroreceptors involved in the control of blood pressure. C. contains chemoreceptors. D. is located at the base of the external carotid artery

B contains baroreceptors involved in the control of blood pressure.

What percentage of the distribution of the body's total blood volume at rest is contained in the systemic venous system? A. 99% B. 64% C. 50% D. 13%

B. 64%

Which of these types of vessels are resilient vessels capable of stretching and recoiling as the heart beats? A. Large vein B. Elastic artery C. Arteriole D.Muscular artery

B. Elastic artery

Which of these is true concerning the endothelium of a vessel wall? A. It is missing from the walls of capillaries. B. It is the innermost layer of the tunica intima. C. It is composed of connective tissue containing elastic fibers. D. It is thicker in arteries than in veins.

B. It is the innermost layer of the tunica intima.

Which of these is responsible for distributing blood to the body's skeletal muscles and internal organs? A. Venule B. Muscular artery C. Elastic artery D. Medium-sized vein

B. Muscular artery

Blood in the descending aorta supplies ___________. A. the arms B. all of the body except the head, neck, and arms C. organs of the chest D. the legs

B. all of the body except the head, neck, and arms

Occlusion of a single blood vessel usually does not result in the immediate loss of the organ it serves because most organs __________. A. have nonvascular sources of oxygen B. are served by multiple arteries with anastomoses C. have mechanisms of storing oxygen intracellularly D. can survive on the oxygen stored in the venous system

B. are served by multiple arteries with anastomoses

Arteries of the pulmonary circuit: A. surround the small air pockets called alveoli. B. carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. C. deliver oxygen to the pulmonary capillaries. D. direct blood back to the heart from the lungs.

B. carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

In the embryo, the first blood vessels to form are the __________; the process of formation is called __________. A. aortic arches; vasculogenesis B. dorsal aorta and cardinal veins; vasculogenesis C. aortic arches; angiogenesis D. dorsal aorta and cardinal veins; angiogenesis

B. dorsal aorta and cardinal veins; vasculogenesis

The pulmonary trunk: A. enters the right atrium. B. exits the right ventricle. C. enters the left atrium. D. exits the left ventricle

B. exits the right ventricle.

Which structure functions in controlling the flow of blood through the capillary entrance? A. Thoroughfare channel B. Metarteriole C. Precapillary sphincter D. Anastomosis

C. Precapillary sphincter

Venous valves __________. A. are present due to high pressure in venules and medium-sized veins B. force the backflow of blood toward capillaries C. are folds of the tunica intima D. flow bidirectionally

C. are folds of the tunica intima

A common misconception is that arteries always carry oxygenated blood. In reality, arteries are defined by __________. A. direction of flow: Veins carry blood away from the heart, toward capillaries B. physical location: Veins are only found in the pulmonary circuit, and arteries are only found in the systemic circuit C. carrying blood away from the heart, toward capillaries D. carrying blood away from capillaries, toward the heart

C. carrying blood away from the heart, toward capillaries

Which vessel supplies the urinary bladder, the internal and external walls of the pelvis, and the external genitalia? A. femoral circumflex artery B. external iliac artery C. internal iliac artery D. dorsalis pedis

C. internal iliac artery

Which of the following is characteristic of a typical artery? A. absent internal elastic membrane of tunica intima B. smooth endothelium C. thick tunica media, dominated by smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers D. usually flattened, or collapsed, general appearance in sectional view

C. thick tunica media, dominated by smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers

Sinusoids are found in which organs?

spleen, bone marrow, and liver

Name the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta.

superior mesenteric, celiac, and inferior mesenteric

The hepatic portal vein forms from the fusion of which veins?

superior mesenteric. splenic. inferior mesenteric.

Which of these is true concerning the endothelium of a vessel wall? A. It is the innermost layer of the tunica intima. B. It is composed of connective tissue containing elastic fibers. C. It is missing from the walls of capillaries. D. It is thicker in arteries than in veins.

A. It is the innermost layer of the tunica intima.

Which of the following is the best structural or functional description of large vein? A. Slender tunica media surrounded by a thick tunica externa composed of a mixture of elastic and collagen fibers B. Distributes blood to the body's skeletal muscles and internal organs C. Thin tunica media; contains relatively few smooth muscle cells; the thickest layer is the tunica externa, which contains longitudinal bundles of elastic and collagen fibers D. Poorly defined tunica externa; tunica media consists of only one or two layers of smooth muscle cells E. Lacks a tunica media and resembles expanded capillaries

A. Slender tunica media surrounded by a thick tunica externa composed of a mixture of elastic and collagen fibers

Which of the following is the best structural or functional description of capillaries? A. Thin walls comprised of a layer of endothelial cells plus a basal lamina; short diffusion distances B. Slender tunica media surrounded by a thick tunica externa composed of a mixture of elastic and collagen fibers C. Distributes blood to the body's skeletal muscles and internal organs D. Lacks a tunica media and resembles expanded capillaries E. Thin tunica media; contains relatively few smooth muscle cells; the thickest layer is the tunica externa, which contains longitudinal bundles of elastic and collagen fibers

A. Thin walls comprised of a layer of endothelial cells plus a basal lamina; short diffusion distances

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation? A. Tunica media B. Tunica externa C. Internal elastic membrane D. Tunica intima

A. Tunica media

How would properly functioning valves prevent varicose veins? A. Valves prevent backward flow of blood B. Valves have fenestrations that allow excess blood fluids to escape the vessel C. Valves communicate with the sympathetic nervous system to restrict blood flow in damaged veins D. Valves contain cardiac muscle tissue to push blood against gravity

A. Valves prevent backward flow of blood

Veins are more prone to inappropriate stretching and twisting than arteries, because A. Veins have thinner walls than arteries B. Veins generally operate under much higher pressure than arteries C. Unlike arteries, the walls of veins have elastic membranes D. Veins lack a tunica externa

A. Veins have thinner walls than arteries

If serious hemorrhaging occurs, the body maintains blood volume within the arterial system at near-normal levels by which of the following mechanisms? A. Venoconstriction B. Parasympathetic stimulation C. Vasodilation D. Anastomosis

A. Venoconstriction

Which vessel(s) supplies/supply the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain? A. anterior cerebral artery B. basilar and vertebral arteries C. middle cerebral artery D. ophthalmic artery

A. anterior cerebral artery

Which vessel immediately gives rise to the femoral artery? A. external iliac B. great saphenous C. celiac trunk D. internal iliac

A. external iliac

Prior to birth, oxygenated blood comes from the umbilical artery rather than from the pulmonary circuit, and blood flow into the pulmonary circuit is greatly reduced. Which of the following structures is involved in shunting blood away from the pulmonary circuit? A. foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus B. ductus arteriosus C. ductus venosus D. foramen ovale

A. foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

Which of the following is not an artery? A. inferior vena cava B. celiac trunk C. common carotids D. aorta

A. inferior vena cava

Which of the following arteries enter the pelvic cavity to supply the organs of the pelvis? A. internal iliac artery B. dorsalis pedis C. external iliac artery D. descending genicular artery

A. internal iliac artery

The purpose of the ductus arteriosus is to? A. permit blood that does reach the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circuit by entering the systemic circuit rather than flowing through the pulmonary arteries B. connect to an intricate network of veins within the developing liver C. prevent backflow by functioning as a flap that acts like a one-way valve D. allow blood to pass from the right atrium directly to the left atrium

A. permit blood that does reach the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circuit by entering the systemic circuit rather than flowing through the pulmonary arteries

Regarding the distribution of the body's total blood volume, most is found in the: A. systemic venous system. B. pulmonary circuit. C. systemic capillaries. D. systemic arterial system.

A. systemic venous system

The right and left external iliac arteries become known as femoral arteries when _____ . A. they pass out of the pelvis and into the lower limb B the tibial arteries branch off C. the internal iliac artery branches off the common iliac artery D. the deep femoral artery branches off

A. they pass out of the pelvis and into the lower limb

Which vessel(s) drain(s) the deep palmar arch? A. ulnar and radial veins B. median antebrachial vein C. axillary vein D. basilic and cephalic veins

A. ulnar and radial veins

Blood returns from the placenta in the single: A. umbilical vein. B. umbilical artery. C. ductus venosus. D. foramen ovale.

A. umbilical vein.

Which of these specifically describes a fenestrated capillary? A. A single endothelial cell may completely encircle the lumen. B. The basement membrane is thin or absent. C. Specialized capillaries of this type are found throughout most of the central nervous system. D. "Windows," or pores, penetrate the endothelial lining.

D. "Windows," or pores, penetrate the endothelial lining.

In a man with a 6L total blood volume, approximately what amount is found in venous networks in the liver, bone marrow, and skin? A. 2 L B. 3.5 L C. 1.5 L D. 1 L

D. 1 L

Which is a characteristic of the major patterns of blood vessel organization? A. Tissues and organs are generally serviced by a single artery and a single vein. B. Anastomoses often result in occlusions. C. Peripheral distributions of arteries and veins on the body's left and right sides are absolutely identical. D. A single vessel may have several names as it crosses specific anatomical boundaries.

D. A single vessel may have several names as it crosses specific anatomical boundaries.

Which of these interconnects the smallest arteries and the smallest veins? A. Left atrium B. Right ventricle C. Pulmonary circuit D. Capillary

D. Capillary

Which structure pumps blood into the systemic circuit? A. Left atrium B. Right ventricle C. Right atrium D. Left ventricle

D. Left ventricle

Which of the following is the best structural or functional description of arteriole? A. Slender tunica media surrounded by a thick tunica externa composed of a mixture of elastic and collagen fibers B. Lacks a tunica media and resembles expanded capillaries C. Thin tunica media; contains relatively few smooth muscle cells; the thickest layer is the tunica externa, which contains longitudinal bundles of elastic and collagen fibers D. Poorly defined tunica externa; tunica media consists of only one or two layers of smooth muscle cells E. Distributes blood to the body's skeletal muscles and internal organs

D. Poorly defined tunica externa; tunica media consists of only one or two layers of smooth muscle cells

Which of these empty into the right atrium? A. Pulmonary veins B. Pulmonary arteries C. Systemic arteries D. Systemic veins

D. Systemic veins

Which characteristic applies to medium-sized veins? A. The walls permit exchange between the blood and surrounding interstitial fluid. B. The walls are resilient and elastic, capable of stretching and recoiling as the heart beats. C. There is no tunica media. D. The tunica media is thin, and the thickest layer is the tunica externa.

D. The tunica media is thin, and the thickest layer is the tunica externa.

Which of these is a location of continuous capillaries? A. Absorptive areas of the intestinal tract B. Liver and spleen C. Filtration sites of the kidneys D. Throughout most of the central nervous system

D. Throughout most of the central nervous system

Which of these contains smooth muscle that is responsible for vasoconstriction? A. Tunica intima B. Tunica externa C. Endothelium D. Tunica media

D. Tunica media

A direct connection between an arteriole and a venule is called a(n) __________. A. metarteriole B. arterial anastomosis C. thoroughfare channel D. arteriovenous anastomosis

D. arteriovenous anastomosis

Arterioles: A.distribute blood to the body's skeletal muscles and internal organs. B.are large vessels that transport blood away from the heart. C. collect blood from capillary beds. D. have a poorly defined tunica externa

D. have a poorly defined tunica externa

Gross distension of the veins of the limbs, particularly in superficial veins of the legs, due to stretching and distortion near valves results in pooling of venous blood and is known as __________. A. hemorrhoids B. the portal system C. anastomosis D. varicose veins

D. varicose veins

Whereas angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, such as in a tumor in an adult, the formation of the first vessels as a fetus develops is called _______. A. erythropoiesis B. hematopoiesis C. angiogenesis D. vasculogenesis

D. vasculogenesis

Which of the following is the best structural or functional description of venule? A. Distributes blood to the body's skeletal muscles and internal organs B. Thin tunica media; contains relatively few smooth muscle cells; the thickest layer is the tunica externa, which contains longitudinal bundles of elastic and collagen fibers C. Slender tunica media surrounded by a thick tunica externa composed of a mixture of elastic and collagen fibers D.Poorly defined tunica externa; tunica media consists of only one or two layers of smooth muscle cells E. Lacks a tunica media and resembles expanded capillaries

E. Lacks a tunica media and resembles expanded capillaries