CH 2

Which term refers to an attractive force caused by the sharing or transfer of electrons? A) chemical bond B) hydrolysis C) adhesion D) radiation

chemical bond

The simplest form of matter to have unique properties is a(n) ______. A) element B) proton C) molecule

element

A proton has a ______ charge. A) neutral B) negative C) positive

positive

Intermolecular forces are weak electrostatic attractions that exist between ______. A) two protons B) two atoms C) two molecules D) ions and molecules

two molecules, ions and molecules

Hydrogen bonds are important because they ______. A) help hold protein structure together B) produce surface tension in water C) form when atoms give up or receive electrons D) help hold DNA strands together

help hold protein structure together, produce surface tension in water, help hold DNA strands together

The unique properties of water are the primarily the result of ______ bonds. A) covalent B) ionic C) hydrogen

hydrogen

When water is split, the reaction is known as a(n) ______ reaction. A) hydrolysis B) metabolism C) dehydration D) anabolism

hydrolysis

The weak attractions between opposite charged sections of molecules are called ______. A) ionic bonds B) covalent bonds C) electrical bonds D) intermolecular forces

intermolecular forces

Atoms of the same element that differ only in the number of neutrons are called ______. A) ions B) isotopes C) anions

isotopes

The number of protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom is frequently referred to as its ______. A) mass number B) atomic number C) molecular weight D) nuclear number

mass number

The mass of a chemical equal to its molecular weight in grams, containing 6.023 x 10^23 molecules is a(n) ______. A) atomic mass B) kilogram C) dalton D) mole

mole

The uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom is a(n)

neutron

A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms resulting from a transfer or sharing of ______. A) innermost electrons B) neutrons C) protons D) outermost electrons

outermost electrons

An example of an element is ______. A) a cell B) a protein C) water D) oxygen

oxygen

What is the name of the particle found in the nucleus with a positive charge? A) electron B) proton C) neutron

proton

Atoms of different elements primarily differ by the fact that they possess different numbers of ______. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons

protons

Oxygen is one type of element and carbon is another. These elements differ in their numbers of ______. A) electrons B) electron shells C) neutrons D) protons E) atoms

protons

A mole of carbon contains ______ of carbon. A) 6.022 x 10^23 atoms B) a dozen grams C) 1 gram

6.022 x 10^23 atoms

The atomic number of sodium is 11 and the atomic mass is 23. Based upon this information, an atom of sodium has ___ protons, ___ neutrons, and ___ electrons.

11,12,11

The atomic number of potassium is 19 and the mass number is 39. In one neutral atom of potassium there are _____ protons, _____ neutrons and ______ electrons. A) 20,20,39 B) 19,20,19 C) 20,19,20 D) 19,39,20

19,20,19

Differentiate an element and an atom. A) Elements are the basic building block of matter and atoms are the smallest units of an element. B) Atoms are the basic building block of matter and elements are the smallest units of an atom.

Elements are the basic building block of matter and atoms are the smallest units of an element.

Metabolism may be defined as ______. A) all of the reactions in the body that produce energy B)the sum of all of the chemical reactions in the body C) all of the reactions in the body that require energy

all of the reactions in the body that require energy

What is an ion? A) an atom with an unstable nucleus B) at atom with too many or too few neutrons C) at atom that emits radiation D) at atom that has gained or lost electrons

an atom that has gained or lost electrons

The smallest particle of an element that still has the characteristics of the element is called a(n) _____. A) atom B) proton C) nucleus D) molecule

atom

An element is composed of ______ of only one kind. A) atoms B) electrons C) molecules

atoms

A covalent bond occurs when _____. A) two cations are attracted to one another B) a cation & anion are attracted to one another C) a partial positive charge is attracted to a partial negative charge D) atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

The region where an electron is most likely to be found at any point in time is called the electron ___

cloud

A polysaccharide is broken down into smaller monosaccharides. This is a type of ______ reaction. A) synthesis B) decomposition C) metabolic

decomposition

A compound that dissociates in water and produces a solution that conducts electricity is known as a(n) ______. A) carbohydrate B) lipid C) electrolyte D) protein

electrolyte

The region of highest probability where electrons can be found surrounding the nucleus of an atom is called a(n) ______. A) orbital shell B) electron field C) electron cloud D) electron array

electron cloud

Select all of the subatomic particles. A) element B) electron C) proton D) neutron

electron, proton, neutron

Identify the subatomic particles that are found orbiting the nucleus of the atom. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons

electrons

Identify the subatomic particles that are generally used to calculate the mass number of an atom. A) protons and neutrons B) protons only C) protons and electrons D) electrons and neutrons

protons and neurons

Identify the subatomic particles that are found within the nucleus of the atom. A) protons B) electrons C) neutrons

protons, neutrons

Two amino acids are brought together to form a dipeptide. This is an example of a(n) ______ reaction. A) decomposition B) synthesis C) exchange D) hyrolysis

synthesis