Ch 2: Carbohydrates

The nurse is helping a client incorporate vegetables into a carbohydrate reduced meal plan. The nurse explains that half a cup of "watery" vegetables contains approximately how many grams of carbohydrates? 5 9 11 15

5

The nurse recognizes that carbohydrates are a class of energy-yielding nutrients that contain which of the following elements? Select all that apply. carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen calcium

carbon hydrogen oxygen

The nurse is helping a client plan a menu to acheive a healthy eating pattern. When looking at nutritional values, the client is surprised to learn that hard cheese contains how many grams of carbohydrates? 0 4 8 12

0

The nurse is reviewing a client's food log and calculating how many calories the client has consumed. The nurse knows that there are how many calories in a gram of carbohydrates?

4 cal/g

The nurse recognizes that the most common monosaccharides contain how many carbon atoms? 6 5 7 8

6

The nurse recognizes when measuring the glycemic load, all foods are compared against pure glucose with an index of how much? A) 100. B) 75. C) 50. D) 25.

A) 100

When providing nutritional information to a client seeking to make eating pattern changes, the nurse correctly states the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for total carbohydrate intake for adults is how much? A) 130 g/day. B) 150 g/day. C) 110 g/day. D) 90 g/day.

A) 130 g/day.

The nurse is teaching a nutrition class with a group of clients who are overweight. The nurse indicates that the adequate intake (AI) for total fiber is set at which of the following amounts? A) 25 g/day for women; 38 g/day for men. B) 20 g/day for women; 30 g/day for men. C) 38 g/day for women; 25 g/day for men. D) 30 g/day for women; 20 g/day for men.

A) 25 g/day for women; 38 g/day for men.

A young mother is concerned about her children developing dental cavities and is asking for appropriate suggestions to help prevent them. Which of the following is an appropriate suggestion for the nurse to offer? A) Avoid sugary items that stay in the mouth for a long time. B) Brush your teeth twice a day. C) Chew gum with sucrose. D) Allow sodas only between meals.

A) Avoid sugary items that stay in the mouth for a long time.

The nurse is conducting a nutrition class of individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes. The nurse explains that shortly after eating, what happens in the body? A) The pancreas releases insulin to move the glucose from the blood stream to the individual cells. B) The liver stores the excess glucose as glucagon. C) The pancreas releases glycogen to balance the insulin secretion. D) The pancreas releases insulin to move the glucose to the liver for processing.

A) The pancreas releases insulin to move the glucose from the blood stream to the individual cells.

When asked the function of polyvols by a client, the nurse correctly states which of the following? A) They foster the growth of colonic bacteria. B) They stimulate normal bowel function. C) They prevent colitis. D) They help prevent to dumping syndrome.

A) They foster the growth of colonic bacteria.

The nurse recognizes that whole-grain products must consist of the certain components of the grain. What of the following is one of those components? A) bran B) husk C) stem D) leaves

A) bran

When providing education to a group of students, the school health nurse correctly states that around the world, the most commonly found nutrient in the human diet is which of the following? A) carbohydrates. B) sugar. C) fats. D) added sugar.

A) carbohydrates.

The nurse is preparing to teach a class on the benefits of eating whole grains. The nurse is aware that eating patterns rich in whole grains are associated with a lower risk of which of the following health problems? A) cardiovascular disease. B) type 1 diabetes. C) renal disease. D) liver disease.

A) cardiovascular disease.

When teaching clients nutritional interventions for preventing long term health problems, the nurse should emphasize limiting the intake of sugar for which of the following reasons? A) diets high in added sugar likely provide inadequate amounts of essential nutrients. B) diets high in added sugar will likely result in type 2 diabetes. C) diets high in added sugar contribute to ADHD in children. D) diets high in added sugar guarantee a life of obesity.

A) diets high in added sugar likely provide inadequate amounts of essential nutrients.

The nurse is explaining the different type of sugars to a client. The nurse correctly classifies maltose and lactose in which of the following sugar categories? A) disaccharides. B) monosaccharides. C) trisaccharides. D) polysaccharides.

A) disaccharides.

The nurse is discussing enriched grains with a group of young mothers. The nurse informs the women that enriched grains must be fortified with which of the following? A) folic acid. B) vitamin D. C) iron. D) B vitamins.

A) folic acid.

The nurse is explaining to a group of college students how the body tries to maintain a steady supply of glucose for energy between meals. The nurse explains that the liver breaks down which substance to release glucose? A) glycogen B) glucagon C) galactose D) sucrose

A) glycogen

The nurse who is providing education during a nutritional class shares that the individual body cells take only as much glucose as is needed for immediate energy. The nurse knows teaching has been effective when the students states the liver and muscle cells store excess glucose as which of the following? A) glycogen. B) glucose. C) glucagon. D) galactose.

A) glycogen.

When teaching about the path of glucose in the body, the nurse can explain that after it is absorbed into the intestinal mucosa, glucose travels next to which of the following body organs? A) liver. B) kidneys. C) muscles. D) brain.

A) liver.

The nurse is teaching a nutrition class. The nurse recognizes that the students understand the lesson when one student makes which of the following statements? A) monosaccharides are absorbed in the body without undergoing digestion. B) monosaccharides must be split into smaller components before absorption. C) maltose and lactose are types of monosaccharides. D) fiber is a component of monosaccharides.

A) monosaccharides are absorbed in the body without undergoing digestion.

The nurse recognizes that glucose, fructose, and galactose are also referred to as which of the following? A) monosaccharides. B) disaccharides. C) trisaccharides. D) polysaccharides.

A) monosaccharides.

If a client is not consuming enough carbohydrates, the nurse realizes that the body will use what to try to meet its energy needs? A) protein B) fatty-acids C) minerals D) vitamins

A) protein

The nurse recognizes that disaccharides are composed of two sugar molecules. The combination of glucose and fructose creates: A) sucrose. B) maltose. C) lactose. D) galactose.

A) sucrose.

The nurse is concerned that a client is consuming an excessive amount of carbohydrates. It is important for the nurse to recommend eating pattern changes to the client in order to prevent an increase in which of the following? A) triglycerides. B) lipoproteins. C) ketone bodies. D) cholesterol.

A) triglycerides.

The American Heart Association (AHA) has shared recommendations for maximum caloric intake for adults related to added sugars. Which of the following is this recommendation? A) 125 cal/day for women; 175 cal/day for men B) 100 cal/day for women; 150 cal/day for men C) 150 cal/day for women; 125 cal/day for men D) 100 cal/day for women; 100 cal/day for men

B) 100 cal/day for women; 150 cal/day for men

The National Academy of Sciences has put forth a recommendation to replace the terms "insoluble" and "soluble" with terms more descriptive of the physiologic benefits of particular fibers. What term has been suggested for intact and naturally occurring plant fiber? A) Functional fiber B) Dietary fiber C) Total fiber D) True fiber

B) Dietary fiber

During a home visit the nurse notes that a client's stage 2 pressure injury is not healing as quickly as expected. Why should the nurse assess this client's intake of carbohydrates? A) They build new tissue B) They spare protein needed for healing C) They prevent further tissue breakdown D) They promote the development of ketosis

B) They spare protein needed for healing

The nurse recognizes that nonnutritive sweeteners are produced from a variety of sources. One common sweetener is produced by combining amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. This common nonnutritive sweetener is called which of the following? A) acesulfame potassium B) aspartame C) sucralose D) saccharin

B) aspartame

A client has been brought to the unit with general complaints of nausea, fatigue, and anorexia. On assessment, the nurse learns that the client has not been eating well and has been eating mainly a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. The nurse is aware that which of the following may be occurring? A) acidosis B) ketosis C) alkalosis D) glutosis

B) ketosis

The nurse educator is discussing the effects of the digestion process of starch in a nutritional health class. The class should understand that cooked starch begins digestion due to the action of which of the following? A) stomach acids. B) salivary amylase. C) pancreatic amylase. D) disaccharides.

B) salivary amylase.

A nurse has been trying to teach a client newly diagnosed with diabetes how to interpret food labels and recognize sugars. The client is very upset. He understood about "glucose" but considered "fructose" to be safe to eat without monitoring the amount of intake. Which of the following would be an appropriate response from the nurse? A) "Perhaps you were thinking of dextrose?" B) "You should actually be avoiding glycogen" C) "Fructose is changed to glucose by the liver." D) "Perhaps you should take a note card with you next time."

C) "Fructose is changed to glucose by the liver."

The school health nurse is providing education to a group of children about the differing nutritional values of sugars. When discussing added sugars, the nurse knows teaching has been effective when the children state which of the following? A) added sugars provide dense calories. B) added sugars provide fattening calories. C) added sugars provide empty calories. D) added sugars provide no extra calories.

C) added sugars provide empty calories.

When explaining the nutritional value of adding fruit to an eating pattern, the nurse states that most of the calories in fruit come from which of the following sugars? A) sucrose. B) galactose. C) fructose. D) maltose.

C) fructose.

The nurse is facilitating a weight management class for a group of adolescents. Today's discussion is about recognizing the added sugars in their diets. After the meeting, the students can successfully recognize that which product contains the most added sugar? A) candy B) doughnuts C) soda D) ice cream

C) soda

The nurse is seeing a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The client tells the nurse she does not want to consume chemical based nonnutritive sweeteners. Which of the following sugar alternatives should the nurse recommend? A) sucralose B) aspartame C) stevia D) saccharin

C) stevia

The client is upset that despite incorporating low-sugar and sugar-free foods into her eating pattern, she is not losing weight and her blood sugar is still difficult to control. The nurse notes which of the following reasons the client is having this problem? A) The client needs to cut out more fat. B) The client's problem is not related to food. C) The client is misreading the labels. D) "Sugar-free" does not mean calorie-free.

D) "Sugar-free" does not mean calorie-free.

The nurse is seeing a client who has been reading about the different nonnutritive sweeteners that are listed on his menu plan as acceptable alternatives to sugar. The client is questioning saccharin because he read that it is a potential carcinogen. How should the nurse respond? A) "Competitor companies are saying that to scare people." B) "It's your choice. No one is going to make you eat it." C) "You can't trust the Internet." D) "The FDA has officially withdrawn the proposed ban because evidence is weak."

D) "The FDA has officially withdrawn the proposed ban because evidence is weak."

The nurse cares for a client with liver cirrhosis. In which way will the nurse expect this health problem to impact the client's nutritional status? A) Increase in storage of glucose B) Improved metabolism of glucose C) Difficulty breaking down glucose D) Altered amount of stored glycogen

D) Altered amount of stored glycogen

A client has come to the clinic with vague complaints of weakness. The nurse notes on assessment that the client is eating a very restricted diet with little to no carbohydrates and is exercising four times a week. The nurse recognizes which of the following is the most likely factor contributing to the client's symptoms? A) Nutrition is not related to the symptoms B) Large amount of weight loss C) Exercising too many days per week D) Low carbohydrate intake

D) Low carbohydrate intake

The nurse instructs a client on foods to increase total fiber intake to 25 grams/day. Which breakfast choice indicate that teaching has been effective? A) Scrambled eggs, bacon, ½ cup sliced strawberries B) Buttermilk pancakes, maple syrup, bacon, orange slices C) 1 cup oatmeal, ½ cup skim milk, blueberries and sliced banana D) ½ cup all bran cereal, ½ cup skim milk, 1 slice whole wheat bread, sliced pear

D) ½ cup all bran cereal, ½ cup skim milk, 1 slice whole wheat bread, sliced pear